Materials Literature
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Multimodal atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to map charge transfer properties in correlation to the molecular superstructure of poly(ethyldioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (see Figure). The lamellar domains of the polymer blend are indicated by phase shifts. Efficient charge injection occurs when lamell…
The poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films prepared in an aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate and lithium tetrafluoroborate electrolyte solution were investigated. It was shown that the PEDOT films prepared in this medium exhibit novel electrochemical and optical properties. Cyclic voltammetric results indicate tha…
The effect of nanoconfinement on the glass transition temperature T(g) in thin polymer films is studied as a function of added small-molecule diluent or plasticizer. The decrease [increase] in T(g) found in nanoconfined, neat polystyrene [poly(2-vinyl pyridine)] is suppressed by added diluent, with 13-20 nm thick poly…
The problem of finding what direction cracks should move is not completely solved. A commonly accepted way to predict crack directions is by computing the density of elastic potential energy stored well away from the crack tip, and finding a direction of crack motion to maximize the consumption of this energy. I provi…
The remarkable transport properties of carbon nanotubes (NTs) are determined by their unique electronic structure (1). The electronic states of a NT form one-dimensional electron and hole subbands which, in general, are separated by an energy gap (2,3). States near the energy gap are predicted to have a large orbital…
The Budd-Vannimenus theorem is modified to apply to superconductors in the Meissner state. The obtained identity links the surface value of the electrostatic potential to the density of free energy at the surface which allows one to evaluate the electrostatic potential observed via the capacitive pickup without the ex…
The electrostatic potential close to the surface of superconductors in the Meissner state is discussed. We show that beside the Bernoulli potential, the quasiparticle screening, and the thermodynamic contribution due to Rickayzen, there is a non-local contribution which is large for both type-I and weak type-II superc…
We have employed first-principles electronic structure calculations to examine the hypothetical (but plausible) oxide spinel, LiCr2O4 with the d^{2.5} electronic configuration. The cell (cubic) and internal (oxygen position) structural parameters have been obtained for this compound through structural relaxation in th…
In this work a possible realizations of a uniaxial variant of left-handed material (LHM) at microwaves is considered. The meta-material has some features of the known structure studied by the group of D. Smith in 2001, however in the present structure a lattice of parallel wires and a lattice of artificial magnetic re…
An application of the radiolysis method using X-ray synchrotron beam is developed as a novel approach to the synthesis of metal-organic films with controlled shapes and thickness. We demonstrate that a Langmuir monolayer deposited onto a silver ion-containing subphase, irradiated by an incident beam impinging below th…
Gold nanostructures —nanowires and nanosheets—are reported to have been prepared from the gold salt HAuCl 4 in a solid bulk phase of a block copolymer. The Figure shows a SEM image of nanosheets formed by thermal reduction at 70 °C. If water is included in the initial mixture and the reduction occurs by UV irradiation…
Honeycomb-shaped monolithic catalysts are the standard catalyst shape in most environmental applications. In the processes of the chemical industry, however, their current use is very limited. In this paper, the current status of the monolith technology for applications in the chemical industry is reviewed. Applicatio…
The work reported here describes interactions between nanoscale Au colloids and two main types of organic functional groups, viz., alkanethiols and amino acids. The surface chemistry of particulate Au is dominated by electrodynamic factors related to its (negative) surface charge. Generalized multiparticle Mie calcula…
CNT/crystalline Fe nanocomposites (see Figure) have excellent microwave‐absorption characteristics. This absorption property is shown to result from the confinement of crystalline Fe in carbon nanoshells, deriving mainly from magnetic rather than electric effects—the complex permittivity and permeability depend both o…
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The oxygen doping of delafossite compounds MCuO 2+δ allows the production of various networks of spins 1/2 (Cu 2+ ) by the insertion of additional O atoms in the Cu layers that increase the valence of the Cu atoms. For instance, Δ-chains of spins 1/2 can be stabilized in Y CuO 2.5 . In this compound, some glassiness i…
Resonant Raman measurements of \ensuremath{\alpha}-hexathiophene at 33 K have identified over ten vibrational modes that couple to electronic excitations in the single crystal. These excitations at 2.066 eV and 2.068 eV with a width of 2meV have been tentatively identified as bound singlet Frenkel excitons or a triple…
We investigate spreading of phase separated copolymer films, where domain walls and thickness steps influence polymer flow. We show that at early stages of spreading its rate is determined by slow activated flow at terrace steps (i.e., thickness steps). At late stages of spreading, on the other hand, the rate is deter…
Enhanced expression of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) and other endothelial cell adhesion molecules (ECAMs) are associated with the onset and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We show in this study that two cytochrome p-450 (CYP450) inhibitors from Citrus paradis (grapefruit), ber…
Lifetimes of triplet-state molecules and triplet quantum yields are important parameters in photobiology as they determine the generation of singlet-oxygen upon irradiation with visible light. Here we report lifetimes of protoporphyrin IX (pp) in vacuo measured in an ion storage ring. We find that after 532 nm photon…