Materials Literature
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Bystroem-Evers compound Ag5 Pb2O6 has been annealed at 500-540 K under flow of electric current which results in a textured structure and anisotropic colossal electric conductivity (> 10^9 ohm-1cm-1) between 210-525 K. The related physical properties are primarly governed by dissociation of Ag from c-axis channels and…
This paper investigates the effective wall thickness of a single-walled carbon nanotube, a critical quantity for any research in mechanics and property characterization of carbon nanotubes. To this end, the response of a bundle of single-walled carbon nanotubes to external hydrostatic pressure was modeled using the ri…
A novel fast‐heating chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to grow ultralong, well‐aligned single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is developed. The control of lengths and growth directions provided by this CVD technique is used to fabricate ordered, large‐scale nanotube structures. The Figure shows an ultralong SWNT.
Ordered mesoporous carbon , named as NCC‐1, has been synthesized via a nanocasting process using SBA‐15 as the template and diluted furfuryl alcohol solution as the carbon source. NCC‐1 shows a bimodal pore size distribution (see Figure) in the mesopore range and a high pore volume up to 3.2 cm 3 g –1 . Since the pore…
Topographical confinement is used to template the formation of nanoscale domains in a self‐assembled block copolymer film. The topographical template controls the row spacings and feature dimensions of the copolymer and can deliberately introduce defects in the arrays (see Figure). For example, a sharp edge feature le…
New ways of detecting low concentrations of analytes , which could be used as part of integrated on‐chip devices, are offered by surface‐enhanced Raman‐scattering substrates fabricated on the nanoscale. The ability of metal surfaces to amplify a Raman‐scattering signal (see Figure) is combined with an enlarged substra…
Adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and collagen matrix production of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on an RGD-modified silk matrix was studied. Anterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts (ACLFs) were used as a control cell source. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and MTT analyses demonstrated that the modified…
We report conductivity measurements of Cr-doped V2O3 using a variable pressure technique. The critical behavior of the conductivity near the Mott insulator to metal critical endpoint is investigated in detail as a function of pressure and temperature. The critical exponents are determined, as well as the scaling funct…
Abstract Needle‐like ZnO nanowires with high density are grown uniformly and vertically over an entire Ga‐doped conductive ZnO film at 550 °C. The nanowires are grown preferentially in the c ‐axis direction. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) θ‐scan curve shows a full width at half maximum (FWHM) value of 2°. This indicates…
Abstract By simply changing the molar ratio of the dopant to monomer, the morphology of salicylic acid (SA)‐doped polyaniline (PANI) can be changed from one‐dimensional nanotubes (∼ 109–150 nm in diameter) to three‐dimensional hollow microspheres (∼ 1.5–3.1 μm in diameter) via a self‐assembly process. Freeze–fracture…
Free‐standing metal foam structures with nano‐dendritic walls of copper and tin are fabricated by an electrochemical deposition process. This unique structure is attributed to the concurrent generation of hydrogen bubbles with extremely fast metal deposition at high cathodic current densities. The Figure shows a typic…
Tissue engineering aims at resolving problems such as donor shortage and immune rejection faced by transplantation. Scaffolds (artificial extracellular matrices) have critical roles in tissue engineering. Recently, we developed nano-fibrous poly(L-lactic acid) scaffolds under the hypothesis that synthetic nano-fibrous…
Abstract Mechanical attrition, mechanical alloying and other methods of extreme plastic deformation (high pressure torsion, equal channel angular pressing) have been developed as versatile alternatives to other physical and chemical processing routes in preparing nanophase materials. Here several examples are discusse…
Abstract Structural evolution process in crystalline phase transition, isothermal crystallization from melt and solvent‐induced crystallization has been investigated for crystalline polymers on the basis of the time and/or temperature dependence of small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS…
The microstructure and electrical characteristics of $Pr_{6}$ $O_{11}$ -based ZnO varistor ceramics composed of $ZnO-Pr_{6}$ $O_{ 11}$ / $-CoO-Cr_2$ $O_3$ - $Dy_2$ $O_3$ -based ceramics were investigated with $Dy_2$ $O_3$ content in the range of 0.0∼2.0 mol%. As $Dy_2$ $O_3$ content was increased, the average grain si…
Abstract The crystal structures of clathrate forms of syndiotactic poly( m ‐methylstyrene) containing guest molecules having different steric hindrance (CS 2 , benzene and orto ‐dichlorobenzene) are presented. The structures are all characterized by polymer chains in s (2/1)2 helical conformation and guest molecules p…
A model has been developed for calculating the hydrogen solubility in steel on the basis of composition (S, Ti, B) and grain size, with the objective of improving the control of hydrogen content in steel products. The effects of sulphur are in agreement with previous experience, but complex effects have been observed…
Abstract The current research on grain boundary dynamics in metals is reviewed. The boundary dynamics, i. e., the boundary reaction to applied forces, is strongly dependent on the grain boundary character, which is commonly reduced to the orientation relationship between adjacent grains and impurity segregation at the…
The structure of zirconium-base alloys with metals of V-VIII groups of the Periodic Table, quenched from high temperature p-phase region, was studied. X-ray diffraction analysis, light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used in this investigation. It was found that the orthorhombic a-phase is formed…
Spent railway ballast is a source of recycled aggregate. Recycling of aggregates contributes to sustainable development by reducing the volume of construction waste going to landfill, reducing transportation and reducing the impact of primary mineral extraction supplying primary aggregates. Railway ballast is renewed…