Materials Literature
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Sulfur and sulfur compounds can produce pitting, crevice corrosion, dealloying, stress corrosion cracking, and stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking of susceptible metals and alloys. Even though the metabolic by-products of the biological sulfur cycle are extremely corrosive, there are no correlations between numb…
Considerable progress has been made recently in the production of metallic foams. Scale up has progressed so far that widespread commercial use may become a reality in the near future. In this review the merits of the various fabrication techniques are highlighted, while particular emphasis is placed on the demands of…
A Monte Carlo type reconstruction algorithm ( Saxs3D ) to yield low-resolution three-dimensional structures from one-dimensional small-angle X-ray scattering data (SAXS) is presented. It is demonstrated that Saxs3D reliably reproduces the shape of several test protein structures, with their respective SAXS profiles ca…
Both theoretical and experimental results for the dynamics of photoexcited electrons at surfaces of Cu and the ferromagnetic transition metals Fe, Co, and Ni are presented. A model for the dynamics of excited electrons is developed, which is based on the Boltzmann equation and includes effects of photoexcitation, elec…
We present a study of the effect of biaxial strain on the electrical and magnetic properties of thin films of manganites. We observe that manganite films grown under biaxial compressive strain exhibit island growth morphology which leads to a nonuniform distribution of the strain. Transport and magnetic properties of…
Ultrafast laser experiments were used to study electron-phonon coupling in Au nanoparticles in the 2.5 to 8 nm size range in aqueous solution. The electron-phonon coupling constants for these samples were found to be independent of the particle size. This is attributed to a weak interaction between the electron gas an…
Magnetotransport measurements were made on patterned, (110) oriented ${\mathrm{CrO}}_{2}$ thin films grown by the high-pressure, thermal decomposition of ${\mathrm{CrO}}_{3}$ onto rutile substrates. The low-temperature Hall effect exhibits a sign reversal from positive to negative as the magnetic field is increased ab…
Carbon materials processing is an advanced technology due to its aerospace and medical applications. In the aerospace area one can mention the carbon/carbon composites used in rockets and aeronautical brakes; in the medical area one can mention the intrabody implant tools such as heart and hydrocephalic valves and pac…
Impregnation and infiltration of fibrous materials by LC copolyester melts and the blends with viscous thermo-plastic polysulphone were quantitatively described as unsteady and steady stages in terms of rheological characteristics of the melts using an equivalent capillary model. Addition of LC polyester to viscous th…
A mixer viscometry procedure, coined the Matching Stress Method, was developed to use four-bladed vanes devices in applications requiring steady shear measurements. Based on the concept that vane tools shear fluids in a cylindrical pattern defined by their geometry, this technique determined a mixer viscometry constan…
The effect of incorporating (C2-C8) ethylene-octene elastomer on the mechanical properties and morphology of polypropylene copolymers has been investigated employing two types of PP copolymer, with and without nucleating agent. The results were compared to the ones presented by a commercial PP heterophase (reactor imp…
The present work was undertaken in order to evaluate the rheological changes of set-style yoghurt at different incubation times, during production. The study of rheological changes of milk destined to set-style yoghurt production, in different processing stages prior to fermentation was accomplished using steady and o…
The technical activity known as Materials Selection is reviewed in its concepts and methodologies. Objectives and strategies are briefly presented and two important features are introduced and discussed; (i) Merit Indices: a combination of materials properties, which maximises the objectives chosen by the designer and…
We describe a modified version of a magneto-optical Kerr magnetometer which allows measuring the hysteresis loop of a specific portion of the sample surface. The diameter of the sampled area can be optically tuned from several mm down to 15 μm. High quality hysteresis loops can be measured in a few seconds. Strong flu…
Solid-solid thermal-boundary resistance plays an important role in determining heat flow, in both cryogenic and room-temperature applications. The acoustic mismatch model (AMM) and the diffuse mismatch model (DMM) have traditionally been used to predict the thermal boundary resistance R b across the interface of two a…
Dissolution of commercial white fused and tabular Al 2 O 3 grains into a model silicate slag was investigated after 1 h at 1450° and 1600°C. Formation of CA 6 and hercynitic spinel layers was observed at all Al 2 O 3 /slag interfaces. The spinel layer was not always continuous, and so, compared with the CA 6 layer, it…
Localized corrosion resistance (pitting and crevice corrosion) of two high-alloy stainless steels (superduplex and superaustenitic) was studied in solutions with chloride concentrations of 200, 400, 600, and 6,000 ppm at pH values ranging from 2 to 6.5. Critical temperatures for pitting and crevice corrosion were calc…
Capillary flow is studied in polyester and polyamide yams and glass fibers using a technique based on the analysis of CCD images taken during the capillary rise of colored liquid in yams. The transition from dry yam to wet yam is not abrupt. Experiments analyze the causes of this gradually rising liquid front and the…