Materials Literature
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Carbon nanotubes were discovered by electron microscopy in the carbon soot produced in an electric arc between graphite electrodes, as used in the production of fullerenes. Details of this microstructure have been studied mainly by the combined use of electron microscopic imaging and electron diffraction. Due to the s…
We show that a free energy entirely in the order-parameter strain variable(s), rather than the displacement field, provides a unified understanding of martensitic textures. We use compatibility equations, linking the strain tensor components in the bulk and at interfaces, that induce anisotropic order-parameter strain…
We report, from direct observation of particle trajectories as a function of time, the presence of stringlike cooperative motion in a quasi-two-dimensional liquid. We have used digital video microscopy to study the equilibrium dynamics of suspensions of sterically stabilized uncharged poly(methylmethacrylate) spheres…
Lattice relaxation on the surface of ${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ is investigated under the assumption that the spurious lattice expansion in perovskite nanocrystals is caused by the surface relaxation. By comparing the observed peak position and full width at half maximum with those of the calcul…
Within the microelectronics industry, there is an ongoing trend toward miniaturization coupled with higher performance. High glass-transition temperature polynorbornenes exhibit many of the key performance criteria necessary for these demanding applications. However, homopolynorbornene exhibits poor adhesion to common…
In this paper, we present quantum mechanical (QM) calculations, at a periodic Hartee−Fock (HF) level, on the bulk and surface properties of cubic CeO 2 and ZrO 2 . We have investigated the M−O bonding features, and established the high degree of ionicity of both materials, which is greater for CeO 2 than ZrO 2 . The c…
The role of avian eggshell matrix proteins in shell formation is poorly understood. This calcitic biomaterial forms in a uterine fluid where the protein composition varies during the initial, calcification, and terminal phases of eggshell deposition. A specific antibody was raised to a 116-kDa protein, which is most a…
We have produced arrays of Co nanowires in anodic porous alumina filters by means of electrodeposition. The structure and magnetization behavior of the wires was investigated with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetization measurements. NMR shows that the wires consist of a mixture of fcc and hcp texture with…
We have analyzed recent results for the electron paramagnetic resonance linewidths in ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ and related materials over the range $0<~x<~1.$ In all cases studied, the linewidth away from magnetic and structural transitions can be fitted to the expres…
We show a novel magnetic phenomenon, “photoinduced magnetic pole inversion”, which occurs even in the absence of an external magnetic field. The key of this strategy is to control the compensation temperature by a pure photoprocess. Here, we combined two magnetic behaviors which were developed recently. One of them is…
Novel phosphorus-containing epoxy resins (1–3% phosphorus content) were synthesized by the reaction of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) and the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and then cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone or phenol novolac. Differential scanning calorimetry, high performanc…
High-resolution, inelastic x-ray scattering measurements of the dynamic structure factor S(q,omega) of liquid water in the THz frequency range have been performed as a function of wave vector q (1-7 nm(-1)) and temperature T (273-473 K), using pressure (0-1.5 kbar) to keep the density at rho approximately 1 g/cm(3). W…
A very high-resolution scanning nonlinear dielectric microscope was developed for the observation of ferroelectric polarization. We demonstrate that the resolution of the microscope is of a nanometer order by measurement of the c–c domain wall of a BaTiO3 single crystal, and that this microscope is very useful not onl…
Solvent flattening is a powerful tool for improving crystallographic phases for macromolecular structures obtained at moderate resolution, but uncertainties in the optimal weighting of experimental phases and modified phases make it difficult to extract all the phase information possible. Solvent flattening is essenti…
We present an experimental study of the rheology of polydisperse aqueous foams of different gas volume fractions φ. With oscillatory deformation at fixed frequency, we determine the behavior of the maximum stress as a function of the strain amplitude. At low strain, the maximum stress increases linearly, defining a sh…
Laboratory tests and kinetic modeling were carried out in order to provide kinetic input data to a systematic investigation of the mechanism of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) storage in catalysts used for lean-burn engines. In particular, we present a kinetic model of the NO oxidation to NO 2 over a Pt/Al 2 O 3 model catalys…
All oxide-based, transparent polycrystalline p–n heterojunctions on a glass substrate were fabricated. The structure of the diode was n+-ZnO electrode/n-ZnO/p-SrCu2O2/In2−xSnxO3 electrode on the substrate. The contact between the n- and p-type semiconducting oxides was found to be rectifying. The ratio of forward curr…
Couplers, filters, and polarization separators are some of the applications of azobenzene-based amorphous polymers such as the one shown in the Figure. The photoinduced orientation and randomization processes in films of these materials are discussed as is their possible exploitation in reversible optical storage, wav…
Humic substances (HS) form molecular aggregates in solution and on mineral surfaces. Elucidation of the mechanism of formation of these aggregates is important for an understanding of the interactions of HS in soils and natural waters. The HS are formed mainly by enzymatic depolymerization and oxidation of plant biopo…
The segmental ligand bis{1-ethyl-2-[6‘-carboxy)pyridin-2‘-yl]benzimidazol-5-yl}methane (L C ) reacts with the entire series of Ln III ions to yield a new class of neutral lanthanide carboxylates, the triple-stranded dimetallic helicates [Ln 2 (L C -2H) 3 ], which are stable in water in the pH range 4−13. A competitive…