Materials Literature
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Supersmooth (SS), extra-clean semiconductor shields have been demonstrated to be markedly improved in extruded surface smoothness and to contain a minimal level of ionic impurities. In well-accepted accelerated cable aging tests for wet locations, where the SS extra-clean semiconductives are used as conductor shields,…
A simple method of modeling parasitic transformer capacitances is presented. This method allows determination of quantitative values for various transformer parasitic capacitances, allows the utilization of a transformer model for circuit analysis that takes the parasitic effects into account, provides a means of crit…
A pattern of repulsive, charged lines is shown to direct three-dimensional (3D) crystallization in a system of long-range repulsive, density-matched colloids. At volume fractions where the bulk phase behavior leads to bcc crystallization, the 1D template was found to induce formation of a metastable fcc crystal. The b…
Abstract The spectroscopic and photochemical properties of 5,7‐dimethoxycoumarin (DMC) in acetonitrile (ACN) were investigated at room temperature under one‐ and two‐photon excitation. Two‐photon induced [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of DMC was investigated with 650 nm laser excitation (120 fs pulse width). GC and GC–MS…
The electrical conduction of purified nonpolar liquids with point-plane electrode geometry was studied as a function of various parameters. For negative polarity of the point, a pulse regime has been observed which bears a great similarity to the TRICHEL pulses occurring in air, with the exception of a lack of pressur…
We modeled paramagnetic Si dangling-bond defects in amorphous ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ using a generalized-gradient density-functional approach. By creating single oxygen vacancies in a periodic model of amorphous ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2},$ we first generated several model structures in which the core of the defect consists of…
Photofunctional magnetic vesicles of spiropyran (SP1822) that contain iron oxide particles, which exhibit super-paramagnetic properties at room temperature, were prepared. Photoinduced aggregation of the vesicles was observed by UV illumination. As a result, we were able to increase the magnetization value by photoill…
The basic properties of a distributed-air-gap magnetic material for manufacture of inductor cores are described. A principal attraction of this material is easy fabrication of inductor cores either by injection molding or by machining of the bulk material. Iron powder and a nonmagnetic polymer binder are mixed to prod…
A new concept in microwave and millimeter-wave switching structures is demonstrated. The switch is built on a GaAs substrate and is compatible with IC technology. The approach used to implement the concept is to place a variable-resistance element spanning a very short gap (compared to the width of the line) on a meta…
The authors present results on the dielectric loss of PE (polyethylene) insulation systems containing curing by-products of acetophenone, cumyl alcohol, and alpha -methyl styrene. They also discuss the influence of these curing by-products on dielectric loss of insulation. It is shown that when a layer of curing by-pr…
The thermal degradation and endurance of polyimide films were investigated in an attempt to develop electrical insulation systems operable at high temperatures. Two kinds of polyimide films were investigated: a widely used polyimide with diphenyl-ether and a recently introduced type without diphenyl-ether. Film sample…
The fatigue behavior of sol-gel derived PZT (lead zirconate titanate) thin films was studied to determine the endurance of nonvolatile ferroelectric memories. The observed capacitance characteristics following polarization cycling are consistent with a domain pinning model. Cycling at low fields improves the endurance…
The effect of the addition of 1% by weight of titanium dioxide fine particles to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) on the short-term DC breakdown strength of the LDPE was investigated using direct and reverse polarity voltages. The samples used were cylinders of both plain and doped materials, with hemispherically tippe…
PZT (lead zirconate titanate) multilayer actuators have small volume, fast response, low power consumption, and low driving voltage. The fabrication of such parts, however, has some limitations. The use of AgPd for inner electrodes allows maximum sintering temperatures of only about 1100 degrees C. This can be achieve…
A discussion is presented of several field test procedures that can be used as part of a motor maintenance program. An outline is also presented of failure mechanisms in motor insulation systems. The application of surge comparison testing is discussed along with an interpretation of test results. Since turn-to-turn s…
A brief review is given of the mechanical damage theory of the formation of vented water trees. It assumes that vented trees are initiated when microcracks or crazes at the semiconductor/insulation interface become filled with water. Field enhancement leads to mechanical stresses high enough to cause crazing of the po…
A method using a genetic optimization algorithm is applied to identifying the parameters of an induction motor from load test data. Induction motor parameter estimation and a simulation test are described. The algorithm was tested using data from a laboratory 0.5 hp three-phase induction motor. The results indicate th…
The surface conductivity of epoxy specimens was found to increase appreciably with the exposure time to partial discharges, the change being most pronounced during the initial stages on the exposure. No definite tendency could be detected in the mean partial discharge pulse amplitude with time. Surface degradation of…
The authors review relaxor ferroelectrics and associated phenomena. It is noted that the anomalously large dielectric constants (K) of relaxor ferroelectrics make them ideal for multilayer capacitors, electrostrictive actuators, and E-field-induced piezoelectrics for low-frequency sonar and high-frequency biomedical t…
Electromigration lifetests performed on a variety of Al alloy films to study the form of the failure distribution are discussed. Sample sizes ranged from 35 to 120, allowing exploration near the 1% failure level. Results show that the lognormal rather than the logarithmic extreme value distribution holds where the gra…