Materials Literature
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This chapter aims at identifying what is specific to femtosecond laser ablation. It reviews the essential basic processes which contribute to femtosecond laser ablation of various materials : energy absorption by the material's electrons, electronic relaxation processes involving either electron-electron or electron-l…
The first- and second-order magnetoelastic coefficients of the metastable bcc phases Co and Ni are calculated by using a combination of the phenomenological theory of nonlinear magnetoelasticity with the ab-initio density functional electron theory. The magnetoelastic behavior of the bcc phases is drastically differen…
Nanocrystals of the wide band gap semiconductor zinc oxide of controllable morphologies were synthesized by a simple thermal decomposition method. The predominating factor in determining the morphology (spheres, triangular prisms, and rods) was the solvent, selected on the basis of coordinating power. The nanoparticle…
Hydrogen is dissociatively adsorbed on the gold particles in Au/Al(2)O(3) catalysts, as demonstrated by a combination of in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, chemisorption, and H/D exchange experiments. This chemisorption of hydrogen induces changes in the Au L(3) and L(2) X-ray absorption near-edge structures. The…
We have used variable cooling rate ellipsometric measurements to probe the slow dynamics in thin supported polystyrene films. For the slowest cooling rates (approximately 1 K/min) the measured Tg values are reduced below the bulk value with the measured Tg of 341 K for a 6 nm film. As the cooling rate is increased the…
We report studies of ferroelectricity in ultrathin perovskite films with realistic electrodes. The results reveal stable ferroelectric states in thin films less than $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$ thick with polarization normal to the surface. Under short-circuit boundary conditions, the screening effec…
A phase-field model that allows for quantitative simulations of low-speed eutectic and peritectic solidification under typical experimental conditions is developed. Its cornerstone is a smooth free-energy functional, specifically designed so that the stable solutions that connect any two phases are completely free of…
An organic material composed of neutral free radicals based on the spirobiphenalenyl system exhibits a room temperature conductivity of 0.3 siemens per centimeter and a high-symmetry crystal structure. It displays the temperature-independent Pauli paramagnetism characteristic of a metal with a magnetic susceptibility…
We investigate the jamming transition in packings of emulsions and granular materials via molecular dynamics simulations. The emulsion model is composed of frictionless droplets interacting via nonlinear normal forces obtained using experimental data acquired by confocal microscopy of compressed emulsions systems. Gra…
Structural materials in nature exhibit remarkable designs with building blocks, often hierarchically arranged from the nanometer to the macroscopic length scales. We report on the structural properties of biosilica observed in the hexactinellid sponge Euplectella sp. Consolidated, nanometer-scaled silica spheres are a…
A wide variety of experimental results and theoretical investigations in recent years have convincingly demonstrated that several transition metal oxides and other materials have dominant states that are not spatially homogeneous. This occurs in cases in which several physical interactions-spin, charge, lattice, and/o…
The title compound, pentabarium tris(vanadate) chloride, crystallizes in the well known apatite structure type, with space group P63/m and Z = 2. The crystal structure contains isolated (VO4)3− tetrahedra that are bridged by Ba2+ ions. The intermediate Cl− anions, situated on positions with \overline{3} symmetry,…
Previous in situ small-angle neutron scattering studies of nitrogen adsorption and desorption at 78 K on the mesoporous silica xerogels Gelsil 50 and Gelsil 75 revealed the formation of ramified clusters of vapor-filled pores on desorption, which is characteristic for a percolation process. In the present work, we che…
We have investigated the electronic structure of electron-doped ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{La}}_{x}\mathrm{Fe}\mathrm{Mo}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ ($x=0.0$ and 0.2) by photoemission spectroscopy and band-structure calculations within the local density $\text{approximation}+U$ scheme. A characteristic double-pea…
This paper presents the 1-phase transformer core loss estimation under non-sinusoidal voltage supply. The Epstein test apparatus, with grain oriented magnetic steel side MS (0.3 mm), inverter and low pass filter is used in estimation of core loss. The calculated results are compared with the measured value and are use…
A two-step process was developed to prepare a direct heteronanojunction of ZnO nanorods on SiC nanowires, using a simple heating method and metal–organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). First, an SiC nanowire substrate was prepared by heating NiO catalysed Si wafer at 1050 °C. Subsequently, diethylzinc was used as…
Partial discharge measurements have been widely recognized as the most effective diagnostic method for on-line condition assessment. However on-line partial discharge (PD) measurements taken on site are frequently effected by external electrical-magnetic (EM) interference. Extracting low level PD signal from noisy bac…
The adhesion and bending modulus of polybutadiene-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer vesicles made from a bidisperse mixture of polymers is measured using micropipette aspiration. The adhesion energy between biotinylated vesicles and avidin beads is modeled by incorporating the extension of the adhesive ligands abov…
We present experiments where opposed pairs of planar parallel disclination lines of topological strength s=+/-1 move due to their mutual attraction. Our measurements show that their motion is clearly asymmetric, with +1 defects moving up to twice as fast as -1 ones. This is a clear indication of backflow, given the in…
Confinement in molecular sieves is a promising strategy for fabricating nanostructured semiconductor assemblies with a highly uniform size and shape distribution. However, disorder effects often hamper the engineering of matrix-embedded cluster materials with specific properties. The host-guest interaction is a key fa…