Materials Literature
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<div class="htmlview paragraph">Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) behavior depends strongly on the microstructural properties of the deposited soot aggregates. In the past the issue of the growth process of soot deposits in honeycomb ceramic filters has been addressed under non-reactive conditions and the influenc…
Abstract The use of tetrakis Sn(IV) alkoxides as highly active initiators for the ring‐opening polymerization of D , L ‐lactide is reported. The activities of prepared Sn(IV) tetra‐2‐methyl‐2‐butoxide, Sn(IV) tetra‐iso‐propoxide, and Sn(IV) tetra‐ethoxide were compared to a well‐known ring‐opening polymerization initi…
Abstract Commercially available regular denier poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics were used in this investigation. PET fabric samples were wound on a bobbin and then exposed to supercritical CO 2 under conditions representing a typical supercritical CO 2 dyeing cycle. Infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction,…
We report on the role of two boron–hydrogen complexes in the conductivity conversion from p-type to n-type in boron-doped diamond samples. The calculated electronic structures of the simulated clusters show that the boron–hydrogen complex of hydrogen–boron pairs (BH1) is characteristic of p-type conductivity, and that…
The electronic properties of one-dimensional defects in ultrathin ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ films have been investigated by low-temperature STM and STS. Whereas line defects between two oxide domains show almost no topographic contrast in low bias images, they appear with a distinct corrugation at higher pos…
Abstract A phosphorus‐containing amine, bis(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl phosphine oxide (BAPP), suitable for curing epoxy resins with improved fire performance was synthesized and characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The reactivity of the amino group was evaluated by dif…
A detailed crystal-field splitting analysis is reported for the quintet states ${}^{5}{D}_{J},$ ${}^{5}{G}_{J},$ and ${}^{5}{L}_{J}$ of ${\mathrm{Tb}}^{3+}{(4f}^{8})$ in the garnets ${\mathrm{Y}}_{3}{\mathrm{Al}}_{5}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}(\mathrm{YAG})$ and ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{3}{\mathrm{Al}}_{5}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}(\mathrm{TbAG}…
Abstract The rheology, dc‐conductivity, and microwave properties of acrylic, polyurethane, and epoxy composites containing 0–15 vol % of nanosized carbon particles have been investigated. Carbon nanoparticles (1–3 nm) are produced by a shock wave technology. Steady‐state shear and oscillatory flow tests are applied to…
Abstract Polystyrene/nylon 1212 blends were prepared with supercritical CO 2 as the substrate swelling agent and monomer/initiator carrier. Original nylon 1212 and blends were characterized with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microsco…
Abstract The industrial use of ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) film is limited because it is easily degraded by moisture. The plasma source ion implantation (PSII) technique with CF 4 or CH 4 gas was used for the EVOH film to improve the surface hydrophobic properties. Variables examined in implantation were i…
Abstract Some properties of the structure of polyamide (PA) and polypropylene (PP) hollow fibers were investigated in a theoretical fashion. These fibers were simultaneously compared with solid fibers. The structural indices of the hollow fibers, that is, the wall thickness and inner diameter, were systematically exam…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">A 1-D numerical model describing the ammonia selective catalytic reduction (SCR) de-NO<sub>x</sub> process has been developed based on data measured on a laboratory microreactor for a vanadia-titania washcoated catalyst system. Kinetics for various NH<sub>3</s…
Abstract Aqueous emulsions of cationic polyurethane ionomers, based on poly(ϵ‐caprolactone glycol) as soft segment, isophorone diisocyanate as hard segment, 3‐dimethylamino‐1,2‐propanediol as chain extender and potential ionic center, and hydrochloric acid as neutralizer, were mixed with tetraethoxysilane to prepare s…
Abstract The reaction of cellulose with polyethylenimines (PEIs) was studied using diffuse reflectance ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy, and standard colorimetry. PEIs were applied from aqueous solutions at the natural pH (pH ∼ 11) and at pH = 6. The obtained materials w…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Since the market introduction of the Diesel Particle Filter (DPF) system in serial applications in May 2000, more than 500,000 vehicles have been DPF-equipped. Tracking the serial production current situation, several themes for improvement have been identified, including system s…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">SCR technology has proven its ability to significantly reduce NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. Hence it has become an outstanding solution to be used to meet future emission limits in Europe, Japan and North America. To add even more confidence towards the introduction of SCR…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Diesel vehicles have significant advantages over their gasoline counterparts including a more efficient engine, higher fuel economy, and lower emissions of HC, CO, and CO<sub>2</sub>. However, NO<sub>x</sub> control is more difficult on a diesel because of…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">High strain rate test methods to obtain strain-rate dependent sheet steel tensile properties are considered. A tensile test method for sheet steels was developed to obtain accurate stress-strain data over the strain rate range from 0.001 s<sup>-1</sup> to 500 s<sup&…
Abstract Summary: A series of polyester‐based ionomers containing dimethyl 5‐sulfoisophthalate sodium salt (DMSI) with up to 5 mol‐% diacid units was synthesized by two‐step polycondensation. Furthermore a polylactic acid (PLA) was modified by introducing poly(ethylene‐ co ‐methacrylic acid) ionomers with different io…
Abstract A two‐step direct copolymerization process of L ‐lactic acid ( L ‐LA)/glycolic acid (GA) was developed. The first step was to produce an oligomer of L ‐LA/GA and then the oligomer was polymerized with binary catalyst tin chloride dihydrate/ p ‐toluenesulfonic acid. In this way, the copoly( L ‐LA/GA) (PLGA), w…