Materials Literature
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Atomic scale computer simulation based on energy minimization techniques has been used to study excess oxygen accommodation and migration in La2NiO4 + δ. The activation energy for migration in the ac plane is predicted to be 0.29 eV, while the activation energy outside the ac plane, in the b direction is predicted to…
Preface to the Second Edition. Foreword. Acknowledgements. Table of Contents. Abbreviations. 1 Introduction. 2 Solid-State Reactions. 2.1 Reactions Between Solid Compounds. 2.1.1 Ceramic Method. 2.1.2 Carbothermal Reduction. 2.1.3 Combustion Synthesis. 2.1.4 Sintering. 2.2 Solid-Gas Reactions. 2.3 Decomposition and De…
We show how water with its small proton bridge between tetrahedrally coordinated oxygen centers, forms a provocative series with (i) the archetypal glassformer and strong liquid, SiO2, (ii) the analog ionic compound BeF2 in which the Be ions are bridged by fluoride ions, and (iii) elemental Si with no bridge at all. A…
The first quasicrystal (QC) structure was observed in 1984. QCs possess long-range orientational and translational order while lacking the periodicity of crystals. An overview is given on some physical properties of QCs. It begins with group theory and symmetry. Then the thermodynamics of equilibrium properties and ph…
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with the hydrotalcite-like structure have been prepared containing different amounts of Ni2+, Cu2+ and Al3+ in the brucite-like layers by a coprecipitation method. The samples have been characterized by elemental chemical analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysi…
Novel chitosan-based polymeric networks were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, UV and C13 NMR. A naturally occurring crosslinking reagent—genipin, which has been used in herbal medicine and in the fabrication of food dyes, was used to prepare crosslinked chitosan hydrogel. The heterocyclic compound of genipin cro…
Most fire retardant nanocomposites are made from layered silicates and organic polymers, a variety of methods are used in their synthesis. The mechanism for the fire retardancy of these composites is generally considered to be due to the structure of the char formed during combustion, which enables the char to thermal…
Rotating ring‐disk collection experiments and stripping voltammetry have been used to detect Cu ions generated by dissolution of the Al 2 CuMg intermetallic compound in aqueous chloride solutions. Cu ions are generated under open‐circuit conditions (open‐circuit potential − 0.930 V SCE ), or by slight anodic or cathod…
Adsorption of NO and its co-adsorption with oxygen on TiO2 (Degussa P-25) were studied by FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that NO adsorption results in its disproportionation to NO− (1170 cm−1), N2O22− (1335 cm−1) and nitrates (1650–1550 and 1240–1220 cm−1). The nitrate bands develop with time and coordinated NO (ca.…
The story of the outset of the concept of immortal polymerization is presented. Immortal polymerization is the polymerization that gives polymers with a narrow molecular distribution, even in the presence of a chain transfer reaction, because of its reversibility, which leads to the revival of the polymers once dead,…
A two-dimensional model for quantitative evaluation of the effect of convective and diffusive substrate transport on biofilm heterogeneity was developed. The model includes flow computation around the irregular biofilm surface, substrate mass transfer by convection and diffusion, biomass growth, and biomass spreading.…
The photoelectrochemical properties of electrodeposited in aqueous solutions were investigated. The material showed long term stability under illumination at negative potentials. The diffusion length of electrons in the as‐deposited material was of the order of 10–100 nm. We did not observe photocathodic reduction of…
The use of plant fibers as a reinforcement in polyester matrices requires the issue of compatibility between the two phases to be addressed. Because plant fibers present hydrophilic surfaces and polyesters are generally hydrophobic, poor fiber–matrix dispersion and wetting of the fibers by the matrix may result. As a…
A simple, cost effective method for producing carbons with high mesopore contentis presented. The effect of the ratio of activating agent (ZnCl2) to carbon precursor (coconut shell) on pore size is investigated as is the nitrogen adsorption isotherm of these carbonaceous materials at 77 K. The mesoporosity is substant…
During the last few years, porphyrins and metalloporphyrins have attracted widespread attention as chromophores for studies in circular dichroism (CD), an indispensable chiroptical tool for monitoring chiral interactions. This review summarizes the multifaceted properties of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins, powerful…
Highly ordered, hydrothermally stable, caged cubic mesoporous silica structures (Imm) with unusually large pore size (120 Å) have been synthesized by using hydrophobic poly(butylene oxide) containing triblock PEO–PBO–PEO copolymer as a structure-directing agent.
In the last 10 years, the use of intravenous contrast media in magnetic resonance (MR) has become well-established clinical practice. Contrast media provide critical additional diagnostic information in many instances. The gadolinium chelates constitute the largest group of MR contrast media and are considered to be v…
This paper presents a review of models used to describe the properties of fouling resistant surfaces, i.e. the relationship between molecular structure and resistance to adsorption/adhesion of biological moieties. In particular, the well established 'physical' school of thought, mostly based on ideas stemming from the…
The performance of coated and bonded aluminium relies heavily upon its surface chemistry and hence characterization of the aluminium surface is important. A method to quantify the hydroxide concentration at aluminium oxide/hydroxide surfaces by curve fitting the O 1s peak is developed and tested in this paper. Pseudob…
Sonoluminescence, the transduction of sound into light, is a phenomenon that pushes fluid mechanics beyond its limit. An initial state with long wavelength and low Mach number, such as is realized for a gas bubble driven by an audible sound field, spontaneously focuses the energy density so as to generate supersonic m…