Materials Literature
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The electric field and potential distributions along wet nonceramic insulators are calculated using COULOMB, a three-dimensional electric field analysis program. The electric field intensification on the surface of the water droplets on a flat hydrophobic silicone rubber (SIR) sheet is analyzed. The conductivity of th…
The manufacturing, converting and ennobling processes of paper are truly large area and reel-to-reel processes. Here, we describe a project focusing on using the converting and ennobling processes of paper in order to introduce electronic functions onto the paper surface. As key active electronic materials we are usin…
This paper is associated with the manufacture of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) and the characteristic of TEG. TEG consists of a water heater, pump, 32 thermoelectric modules and aluminum, and hot and cold water flowed through the aluminum containers. It was found that the electric power increased with increasing te…
Ta/Cu is a strategic material combination for ultra-large-scale integrated wafer technology. Here we report an unconventional method for the synthesis of a [110]-oriented nanocrystalline α-Ta thin film on freshly prepared Cu(111) templates at <50 °C without any redundant underlayers and post-growth treatments. The cry…
Thermal treatments of electroplated copper films before CMP can increase grain size and therefore reduce resistance and improve electromigration reliability. However, high temperature excursions can also increase the stress levels in thick metal layers due to differential thermal expansion, which in turn can increase…
A generalized approach is described for evaluating arbitrary functions of position in reciprocal space. This is a generalization which subsumes a whole range of calculations that form a part of almost every crystallographic software application. Examples include scaling of structure factors, the calculation of structu…
Stress grading of the flashover distance of hollow insulators and composite tension insulators is necessary to improve the electrical and environmental performance and to reduce material needed. Hollow composite insulators are generally designed in such a way that the outer stress is below the breakdown stress of air.…
For high-speed digital circuits a novel elevated-CPW (ECPW) structure with low loss and low dispersion is proposed and the performances are compared with the theoretical prediction. The ECPW is designed with the aid of time domain fullwave FDTD technique and is fabricated using conventional thick-film MEMS processing.…
This paper presents an investigation on the failure of low voltage power capacitors used in the textile industry located in Thailand. The causes of the failure as well as the failure mechanisms of the dielectric used as the insulation of such capacitors are analyzed. It is found that the harmonic resonance can increas…
Space charge can be measured non-destructively as a standard practice now. It has been long suspected that space charge might be critically involved in local dielectric breakdown or tree initiation. It is widely accepted that space charge is formed under dc stress in dielectrics. The author demonstrated a hypothetical…
Surface discharges in a composite dielectric of XLPE power cable joints are one of the main causes of joint failures. This paper discusses the mechanism of surface discharges in a composite dielectric, the effect of interfaces and the practical methods of preventing moisture ingress into joints and cables.
A unit-cell parameter anomaly observed during the precipitation and growth of Ti 3 SiC 2 from a Si-substituted TiC phase is interpreted as the release of latent heat. The observations are used to propose a powder diffraction method for conducting differential thermal analysis as part of in situ phase transition studie…
Of a group of eight 3-phase core form HVDC converter transformers, six have now failed in service. The final failure mechanism has consisted of a turn-to-turn fault, usually in the valve winding. All the windings were produced using continuously transposed conductors. Thermal aging of the insulating materials was evid…
The electric field and potential distributions in the vicinity of non-ceramic insulators under dry and clean conditions are presented. A three-dimensional electric field analysis program, COULOMB, has been used for the calculations. A three-phase 765 kV power line tower geometry is considered for the potential distrib…
The largest loss in an example litz-wire flyback transformer is found during current commutation between windings. In order to reduce this loss, a new optimization method is introduced. The new method optimizes strand size and number in litz wire considering cost and loss. Unlike previous methods, it is valid with two…
This paper reports a low-cost, 256-pixel uncooled infrared microbolometer focal plane array (FPA) implemented using a 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS process where the n-well layer is used as the active microbolometer material. The suspended n-well structure is obtained by simple front-end bulk etching of the fabricated CMOS dies,…
Permanent magnets are used in a wide variety of applications: sensors, motors, actuators, alternators, hard drives, and speakers. While ceramic magnets (hard ferrite) were the material of choice for the last three decades, neodymium iron boron magnets, bonded and sintered, have surpassed ceramic magnets as the benchma…
Hydrocarbon emissions of a vehicle during cold start must be reduced to meet stringent emission regulations. In this paper, three honeycomb hydrocarbon adsorbers were prepared by using H−ZSM-5 and materials of conventional three-way catalysts. A new method was proposed, namely, temperature-programmed adsorption, to ev…
The growth of electrical trees in heterogeneous solid dielectrics was investigated by means of two-dimensional numerical simulations. In contrast to conventional approaches the introduced newly developed algorithm is based on a deterministic model together with a spatial distribution of the electrical breakdown streng…
Knowledge on how wave propagation characteristics and other parameters depend upon cable design is an important base in establishing diagnostic methods for cable insulation. In this study, a shielded medium voltage XLPE cable is investigated and a high frequency based measurement technique is used to measure the prope…