Materials Literature
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We present a numerical analysis for SiO (2) of the fraction of diffusive direction f(diff) for temperatures T on both sides of the fragile-to-strong crossover. The T dependence of f(diff) clearly reveals this change in dynamical behavior. We find that for T above the crossover (fragile region) the system is always clo…
Peptide length affects the size of the ridges observed in the atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the Langmuir–Blodgett films of amphiphilic peptides: Well-ordered LB films can be prepared from a 14-residue amphiphilic peptide (left), while ordered LB films with a wider lattice (right) are obtained from an 18-resi…
Topological defects and dislocations in strongly anisotropic crystals consisting of parallel molecular chains are investigated. Our study is focused on the defects in crystalline polyethelyne, which are formed by transverse displacements of chain molecules (mutual substitutions and interlacings of adjacent molecular c…
Abstract A diamine monomer II , 2,5‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)biphenyl, was prepared through a nucleophilic substitution reaction of phenylhydroquinone and p ‐chloronitrobenzene in the presence of potassium carbonate in N , N ‐dimethylformamide, followed by catalytic reduction with hydrazine and Pd/C. A series of all‐aromati…
Recent theoretical work in single-bubble sonoluminescence has suggested that water vapor in the collapsing bubble leads to energy-consuming chemical reactions, restricting the peak temperatures to values for which hardly any light emission could occur. Analyzing the reaction thermodynamics within the dense, collapsed…
One dimensional channels are formed in the three-dimensional open-framework iron selenite [C4N2H12]0.5[Fe2F3(SeO3)2] (I), which was synthesized hydrothermally from FeCl3⋅6 H2O, HF, and SeO2 in the presence of the organic amine piperazine. The same inorganic framework was also obtained with the amines diethylenetetrami…
Incoherent elastic neutron scattering measurements are performed on thin (75 to 1015 A) polycarbonate films supported on Si wafers. We find that the mean-square atomic displacement <u(2)> is diminished by thin film confinement. For film thicknesses comparable to the unperturbed dimensions of the macromolecule, we obse…
Grafting of incompatible polymers on a substrate prevents macrophase separation and the chains self-assemble laterally. Mixed brushes are exposed to different solvents and the morphology is observed via atomic force and x-ray photoemission microscopy. In a nonselective solvent the different species segregate into para…
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT's) have been studied under pressure up to 55 GPa. We report experimental data on irreversible changes of mechanical and structure properties of SWNT under pressure. The new superhard phase (SP-SWNT) composed of single-wall carbon nanotubes has been studied which exhibits a bulk modul…
Conducting films and pellets formed from β-substituted polypyrroles (see picture; R=H, CH3) erode under aqueous conditions in a pH-dependent manner, which allows erosion rates to be tailored through differences in polymer side-chain structure. These conducting materials support the attachment, proliferation, and diffe…
Guided by the internal-reference rule and the known band offsets in III-V and II-VI diluted magnetic semiconductors, we discuss the feasibility of obtaining p-type conductivity, required for the carrier-induced ferromagnetism, as well as the cases for which the doping by shallow impurities may lead to the ferromagneti…
Ag2O-B2O3-Al2O3 glasses were prepared by melting and quenching method and the state of silver in the glasses was examined by optical absorption spectra. These glasses have two absorption peaks at less than 300nm and 320nm, which correspond to Ag+ ion and atomic Ag, respectively. The content of atomic silver increased…
下水処理に伴って排出される下水汚泥は、脱水・焼却などの工程を経て処理され、その後、埋立てや再資源化工程へと流れていく。現在、各自治体ごとに様々な汚泥再資源化のあり方が試みられているが、持続可能な汚泥の処理・再資源化を考えていくためには、それぞれの工程におけるエネルギー効率性が重要な要素の一つである。本研究では、東京都の汚泥処理・再資源化施設における複雑な汚泥のフローを把握し、そのフローもとにして汚泥処理工程、再資源化工程にて消費される年間のエネルギー量と二酸化炭素排出量の算出を試みた。また、汚泥再資源化施設における3つの再資源化工程でのエネルギー消費量を相対比較することで、それぞれの工程におけるエネルギー効率性を相対的に把握した。…
Two kinds of commercially available preformed magnesia alumina spinels, characterized through chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction methods, were utilized in different concentrations in a high alumina based refractory castable composition. After being fired at elevated temperatures, those two types of spinel bonded…
Electronics is different from power electrical engineering in two major respects. The range of frequencies involved is typically restricted to 1 kHz in power electrical engineering, whereas it extends to the microwave regime, beyond 1 GHz, in electronics. The excitation level of magnetic materials is near saturation i…
Results of detailed calculations for SrTiO3 (100) surface relaxation and the electronic structure for the two different terminations (SrO and TiO2) are discussed. These are based on ab initio Hartree‐Fock (HF) method with electron correlation corrections and Density Functional Theory (DFT) with different exchange‐corr…
Thermal reactions of sputtered Cu films on the fluorinated silicon oxide (FSG) and organosilicate glass (OSG) layers, with and without TiN or TaN diffusion barrier, were investigated. The sheet resistance, surface morphology, phase formation and compositional depth profile of the mutilayer structures after vacuum anne…
To evaluate crack initiation from small radius flaws in Zr-2.5 Nb pressure tubes in operating CANDU reactors, a number of crack initiation tests under both monotonic and cyclic loading in notched tension specimens have been carried out at ambient temperature. Test specimens were machined with the tensile axis parallel…
This paper describes the relationship between hydrogen pressure and temperature (P-T curve) in the HDDR treatment of the Sm2Fe17 compound. The P-T curve suggested that the HDDR condition of the Sm2Fe17 compound is more sensitive to temperature than that of the Nd2Fe14B compound. It was also found that the HDDR treatme…
We studied by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction the behavior of the amorphous and crystalline diffractogram areas of corn pericarp samples taken during a typical nixtamalization process. The pericarp amorphous part suffers two dissolution processes, one fast, due to the dissolution of the water- and alkali-soluble p…