Materials Literature
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Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L., Malvaceae) is a warm season annual fiber crop closely related to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., Malvaceae) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L., Malvaceae) that can be success-fully produced in a large portion of the United States, particularly in the southern states. As the commercial us…
A thermodynamic analysis of the dry etching process for copper using halides is undertaken with the development of volatility diagrams. The construction of such diagrams for the Cu-Cl system is illustrated for temperatures ranging from 50 to 200°C. The copper condensed phase species and the partial pressures of the pr…
Effects of cation-site vacancies on the characteristics of the cubic–tetragonal displacive transitions in La-modified PbTiO3 (PLT) were studied using in situ XRD measurements and Raman scattering. For this purpose, two distinct types of PLT series having cation-site vacancies either at the A site (PLT-A) or at the B s…
The effects of cross-linking and crystallinity on the aging of plasma-treated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) have been investigated. In the case of mixed argon and oxygen, aging has been found to be reduced with an increased amount of argon in the mixture owing to an increased degree of cross-linking. A similar decr…
Linear pi-conjugation is reversibly re-routed by irradiation of a photochromic bis(terthiophene).
Grain refining mechanisms of Fe- and Mn-free high-purity Mg–Al alloy ingots and the influence of a small addition of Fe or Mn on their cast structures are investigated. In order to prepare the alloys, distilled pure magnesium (<99.99%) and commercial high-purity aluminum (99.99%) were melted, and given amounts of Fe a…
Hydrophobic CaCO3 composite particles were prepared via crystallization of CaCO3with a sodium trisilanolate [(c-C5H9)7Si7O9(ONa)3] in methanol. The molar ratio of calcium ion to the sodium trisilanolate was varied from 0.1 to 0.5. FT-IR and TGA analysis of the obtained product indicated that the trisilanol was bound t…
Singlet oxygen-initiated decomposition of urocanic acid (UCA) (3-(1H-imidazol-4(5)-yl)-2-propenoic acid) was used to successfully confirm the report that UCA generates singlet oxygen when irradiated with ultraviolet A light (UVA). The UCA-generated singlet oxygen converts UCA to one or more products that then catalyze…
New transparent surface crystallized glasses in the system of Sm2O3-Bi2O3-B2O3 have been successfully fabricated. The second harmonic generation (SHG) from the crystalline phase at the surface layers has been confirmed from Maker fringe measurements. The irradiation of CW YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm induces…
As part of a program to determine how small structural changes become manifest in the optical properties of crystals we used classical dipole–dipole interaction calculations to estimate the linear birefringence and optical rotatory power of the crystals Ph4X where X = C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb. Field induced effects inclu…
A giant enhancement (no less than by 10 3 ) of the optical third-harmonic generation in one-dimensional porous silicon microcavities and photonic crystals was observed experimentally. The enhancement is due to the resonant enhancement of the fundamental field in the cavity mode and the fulfillment of the phase matchin…
The technique of bead injection has been adapted for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to substantially improve precision, long term stability and sensitivity of SERS detection in analytical chemistry. For this purpose a fully automated flow system comprising a dedicated flow-cell has been developed and tested.…
Diamond-like carbon films were deposited using the electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD) system. A model for the ECR plasma was formulated using deposition parameters, such as microwave power, pressure, and hydrogen/methane ratio as inputs. Using the model, electron energy, rate constant of…
N-substituted 1,3,5-triazacyclohexanes (R3TAC) react with praseodymium trifluoromethane sulfonates [Pr(OTf)3] to give the corresponding complexes, containing one or two R3TAC ring(s) coordinated to praseodymium, depending on R. The crystal and molecular structures of these compounds have been determined by X-ray diffr…
The deterministic proliferation of the orientation of hexagonally packed cylinders (HEX) from the twinned body-centered cubic (BCC) phase is investigated by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and rheo-optical methods for di- and triblock copolymers of styrene and isoprene (SI and SIS). Repeated heating an…
Abstract Budrugeac and Segal ( Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 33 , 564, 2001) have generally criticized the integral isoconversional methods for producing a systematic error in the activation energy, whose value varies with the extent of conversion. We stress that this error is practically eliminated in the advanced integral is…
The behavior of impurity and minor elements during electropolishing, chemical polishing, and anodizing treatments is examined for 99.99% Al and Al-0.2 atom % Mn alloy containing iron, copper, and silicon impurities in the parts per million range. Copper is enriched strongly, to at least during the two polishing treatm…
We consider a fully practical finite element approximation of an Allen--Cahn/Cahn--Hilliard system with a degenerate mobility and a logarithmic free energy. This system arises in the modeling of phase separation and ordering in binary alloys. In addition to showing well-posedness and stability bounds for our approxima…
This paper reviews the physical structure of plant bast fibres and its effect on the properties of composites containing bast fibre reinforcement. Natural fibres are competitive with glass fibres in many applications but variability in mechanical properties and low toughness can potentially limit their use in high str…
Composition and field-orientation dependence of magnetoelectric (ME) parameters have been investigated in of bulk and multilayer composites. Studies were performed on nickel ferrite--barium lead zirconate titanate (BLZT) and modified nickel ferrite--BLZT. The modification involved the addition of cobalt oxide to the f…