Materials Literature
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Results of first-principles augmented spherical-wave electronic-structure calculations for niobium dioxide are presented. Both metallic rutile and insulating low-temperature NbO 2 , which crystallizes in a distorted rutile structure, are correctly described within density functional theory and the local density approx…
Using two different full-potential ab initio techniques we introduce a simple rule based on the number of broken first-neighbour bonds to determine the surface energies of the three noble metals Cu, Ag and Au. When one bond is broken, the rearrangement of the electronic charge for these metals does not practically lea…
Abnormal grain growth (AGG) in alumina with anorthite liquid has been observed with varying anorthite and MgO contents, at 1620°C. When only anorthite is added to form a liquid matrix, the grain–liquid interfaces have either flat or hill‐and‐valley shapes indicating atomically flat (singular) structures. The large gra…
Nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K and high pressure adsorption of supercritical methane at 303 K were measured on mesoporous carbon (CMK-1) prepared from the templating of MCM-48. These experimental isotherms were simulated with grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation using the rod-aligned slitlike pore (RSP…
Tests on large diameter specimens using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) facility are essential to obtain representative dynamic characteristics of engineering materials such as rocks, concrete, and steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC). However, direct application of the conventional SHPB technique to measure t…
Modelling and calculations are presented for the spectrum of initial DNA damage produced by 100 eV to 100 keV energetic electrons. Analysis of the initial spectrum of damage, based upon the source (direct energy deposition and reactions with diffusing OH radicals) and complexity of damage, indicates that the majority…
Summary The long‐term effects of intermittent flooding on soil properties were studied in field experiments on a Vertisol cropped with rice in Senegal. The dominant clay minerals were smectite and kaolinite. When the soil was reduced after flooding, its cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased to twice that of its oxi…
We present a method of fabricating single crystal silver nanowires based on the electroless deposition of silver into the pores of the polycarbonate membranes by the metal amplification process. A gold film on one side of the nanoporous membrane is used as the initiation layer for the silver crystal growth, while the…
Ge–Se chalcogenide glasses are characterized by relatively low hardness (0.39–2.35 GPa) and low fracture toughness (0.1–0.28 MPa·m 1/2 ). Actually, the hardness of chalcogen‐rich glasses is low enough so that the brittleness parameter, B = H / K c , is lower than that of silicate glasses. Whereas hardness and Young's…
Polypropylene and nylon 66 fabrics are subjected to atmospheric pressure He and He-O 2 plasmas for selected exposure time intervals. Scanning electron microscopy anal ysis of the fabrics shows no apparent changes in the plasma-treated nylon fiber surfaces, but significant surface morphological changes for the polyprop…
Abstract The dissolution of single bubbles of gases of low solubility kept stationary in a downward stream of water was studied. In “clean” water, two regimes are identified. Initially, the process is fast, consistent with the theory for circulating bubbles. Then, the mass‐transfer rate falls sharply to that predicted…
Tissue engineering of endothelial cells (EC) and chemical engineering with anticoagulant moieties has been undertaken in order to improve prosthetic graft patency and thrombogenicity. This was done by covalently bonding a compliant poly(carbonate-urea)urethane graft (MyoLink) with arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) or/a…
The growth, collapse, and rebound of a vapor bubble generated by an underwater spark is studied by means of high-speed cinematography, simultaneously acquiring the emitted acoustic signature. Video recordings show that the growth and collapse phases are nearly symmetrical during the first two or three cycles, the bubb…
Abstract This paper traces the evolution of objective measurement of textile hand and comfort from Pierce through modern methodology and approaches. Special emphasis is given to discuss the contribution of the Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) towards advancing the state of objective measurement. Laboratory case studie…
The electromechanical coupling factor for the thickness-extensional mode, kt, in KNbO3 crystals has been predicted to be as high as 69% for the 49.5° rotated X-cut about the Y-axis, which is the highest among known piezoelectrics. This paper presents the experimental confirmation of the high coupling factor and elucid…
Revolutionary advances in tissue engineering are redefining approaches to tissue repair and transplantation through the creation of replacement tissues that remain biointeractive after implantation, imparting physiologic functions as well as structure to the tissue or organ damaged by disease or trauma.(1,2) Over the…
Mesoporous silica films work as templates to form uniform nanoparticles of Au and Pt. The composite materials form an array of metal nanoparticles (diameter ca. 2.5 nm) in the one-dimensional mesopores (pore diameter 2.7 nm), showing an ordered structure in the TEM observation. The nanoparticles are isolated from the…
This article describes the results of a detailed study of semiconductor dopant profiling with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) using secondary electrons. The technique has been applied to a wide variety of doped silicon test structures as well as a metal–oxide field-effect transistor. We have demonstrated that c…
Porous silicon nitride ceramic with a porosity from 0–0.3 was fabricated by partial hot‐pressing of a powder mixture of α‐Si 3 N 4 and 5 wt% Yb 2 O 3 as sintering additive. Irrespective of the porosity, the samples exhibited almost the same microstructural features including grain size, grain aspect ratio, and pore si…
The present investigation discusses the advantage of using RE‐ion‐doped (Nd 3+ , Tm 3+ , and Er 3+ ) TeO 2 glasses for developing fiber and planar broadband amplifiers and lasers. The spectroscopy of RE‐ion‐doped fibers and glasses is discussed along with the thermal properties of glass hosts. The results of emission…