Materials Literature
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The ability of a critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) to resolve differences in the widths of two lines is determined by measurement repeatability and any sample-dependent biases. In order to ascertain the dependence of these quantities upon eight different parameters specifying the sample geometry…
Scatterometry is a contender for various measurement applications where structure widths and heights can be significantly smaller than 70 nm within one or two ITRS generations. For example, feedforward process control in the post-lithography transistor gate formation is being actively pursued by a number of RIE tool m…
A combination of carbohydrate analysis and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the polysaccharides of the pennate diatom, Pinnularia viridis (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg. Polymeric substances were fractionated into those in the spent culture medium (SCM) and those sequentially extracted from the cells with w…
Periphytic diatoms are potentially powerful indicators of environmental change in climatically‐sensitive high latitude regions. However, only a few studies have examined their taxonomic and ecological characteristics. We identified and enumerated diatom assemblages from sediment, rock, and moss habitats in 34 ultra‐ol…
The composition of algal species and pigments and the structural and functional characteristics of the algal community were investigated in an acid stream of southwestern Spain, the Río Tinto. The algal community had low diversity and showed few seasonal differences. It was mainly made up of Klebsormidium flaccidum Kü…
Accurate neutron powder diffraction experiments at several temperatures allow one to monitor the reconstructive tetragonal to monoclinic phase transition as a function of the size of zirconia nanoparticles. The structure of the tetragonal phase observed in the nanocrystals is identical to that observed in micrometric…
We present an extensive density functional theory study of the electronic, magnetic and transport properties of GaAs and AlAs digital ferromagnetic heterostructures. These can be obtained by $δ$-doping with Mn the GaAs layers of a GaAs/AlAs superlattice. Our analysis spans a range of Mn concentrations and considers th…
The second order para-ferromagnetic phase transition in a series of amorphous alloys (Fe{_5}Co{_{50}}Ni{_{17-x}}Cr{_x}B{_{16}}Si{_{12}}) is investigated using nonlinear susceptibility. A simple molecular field treatment for the critical region shows that the third order suceptibility (chi{_3}) diverges on both sides o…
The Journal of Phycology was founded in 1965 by the Phycological Society of America. All aspects of basic and applied research on algae are included to provide a common medium for the ecologist, physiologist, cell biologist, molecular biologist, morphologist, oceanographer, taxonomist, geneticist, and biochemist. The…
The Journal of Phycology was founded in 1965 by the Phycological Society of America. All aspects of basic and applied research on algae are included to provide a common medium for the ecologist, physiologist, cell biologist, molecular biologist, morphologist, oceanographer, taxonomist, geneticist, and biochemist. The…
Unprocessed single-walled carbon nanotubes suspended in air at room temperature emit bright, sharply peaked band gap photoluminescence. This is in contrast with measurements taken from nanotubes lying on the flat surface for which no luminescence was detected. Each individual nanotube has a luminescence peak of simila…
Preface.Foreword. 1. Introduction.2. Surface Anchoring and Elasticity.3. Polarizing Microscopy.4. The Blue Phases.5. The Nematic and Cholesteric Phases.6. Twist Grain Boundary Phases.7. The Fluid Smectic Phases.8. The SmC Subphases.9. The Hexatic Phases.10. Soft Crystal Phases and Crystallization.11. Other Liquid Crys…
Abstract We study the breathing‐like phonon modes of double‐walled carbon nanotubes in a simple analytical model by considering the tube walls as coupled oscillators. The force constant of the oscillator coupling is found to be proportional to the inner tube diameter. Thus, only for small‐diameter tubes, the shift of…
Abstract Poly[4,4′‐bis(butylsulfanyl)‐2,2′‐bithiophene] modified conventional‐size and (ultra)microelectrodes are first investigated in acetonitrile and quasi‐neutral aqueous solution with respect to the repeatability of the responses obtained both in cyclic voltammetry and in differential pulse voltammetry. The react…
We demonstrate a molecular rectifying junction made from a sequential self-assembly on silicon. The device structure consists of only one conjugated (p) group and an alkyl spacer chain. We obtain rectification ratios up to 37 and threshold voltages for rectification between -0.3V and -0.9V. We show that rectification…
Using the stabilized jellium model in two schemes of `relaxed' and `rigid', we have calculated the dissociation energies and the fission barrier heights for the binary fragmentations of singly-ionized and doubly-ionized Ag clusters. In the calculations, we have assumed spherical geometries for the clusters. Comparison…
Light- and voltage-induced changes in the microwave reflectivity of semiconductors can be used to study the kinetics and mechanisms of electron transfer at semiconductor|electrolyte interfaces. The theory of the method is developed and illustrated by numerical calculations of the steady-state microwave response for lo…
The adsorption state and morphology of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) deposited from acetonitrile solutions onto atomically smooth native oxide surfaces of Al(111) films were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The analysis of the XP spectra of the deposited TCNQ…
Adhesive properties on glass of commercial zein and an inexpensive zein-lipid mixture isolated from dry-milled corn were investigated. A method was developed for uniformly preparing bonded glass panels and measuring the amount of pull required to separate the panels. The adhesive strength of commercial zein to glass w…
His26Tyr and His33Tyr mutants were obtained from the Cys102Thr variant of yeast iso-1-cytochrome c. Spectroscopic studies show that a mutation at position 26 at pH 7.0 enhances flexibility of the peptide, alters the heme pocket region and the axial coordination to heme-iron, and reduces protein stability. The His26Tyr…