Materials Literature
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The advantages of mullite ceramic for thin-film application are examined. Using homogeneous powder, a dense mullite substrate consisting of fine mullite grains was provided without the addition of a sintering aid. The properties obtained are superior to those of the mullite presented by M. Horiuchi et al. (1988) and a…
A simple one-step plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of TEOS (PETEOS) deposition process for submicron multilevel metallization has been developed. The effect of deposition conditions on PETEOS step coverage and deposition profile is investigated. Two new processes are demonstrated which meet the step coverage…
The effect on electromigration open-circuit failure of the addition of a small amount of titanium into copper interconnects is investigated. Mean time to failure (MTF) increased with increasing Ti concentration up to somewhere around 0.4 wt.% and decreased sharply by further addition of Ti, while the resistivity of Cu…
Investigations of the breakdown behavior of epoxy insulation systems with controlled defects based on floating metallic inclusions and protrusions fixed to cast-in electrodes were carried out. Spacers made with filled resins and blunt embedded metallic needles failed at lower stress than spacers with sharp needles. Ho…
It is pointed out that an improved calibration strategy for partial-discharge (PD) detectors in rotating machine applications can only be achieved if the propagation characteristics of PD pulses are clearly understood, thus enabling the calibration pulse to simulate the discharge pulse more accurately as it appears at…
The electric and dielectric behavior of ester fluid considered as a substitute for PCB is examined. After a short description of the insulating fluid, the authors consider the influence of temperature differences and aging condition of the insulation on the breakdown behavior of the fluid-paper combined dielectric. Fu…
Supersmooth (SS), extra-clean semiconductor shields have been demonstrated to be markedly improved in extruded surface smoothness and to contain a minimal level of ionic impurities. In well-accepted accelerated cable aging tests for wet locations, where the SS extra-clean semiconductives are used as conductor shields,…
A simple method of modeling parasitic transformer capacitances is presented. This method allows determination of quantitative values for various transformer parasitic capacitances, allows the utilization of a transformer model for circuit analysis that takes the parasitic effects into account, provides a means of crit…
A pattern of repulsive, charged lines is shown to direct three-dimensional (3D) crystallization in a system of long-range repulsive, density-matched colloids. At volume fractions where the bulk phase behavior leads to bcc crystallization, the 1D template was found to induce formation of a metastable fcc crystal. The b…
Abstract The spectroscopic and photochemical properties of 5,7‐dimethoxycoumarin (DMC) in acetonitrile (ACN) were investigated at room temperature under one‐ and two‐photon excitation. Two‐photon induced [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of DMC was investigated with 650 nm laser excitation (120 fs pulse width). GC and GC–MS…
The electrical conduction of purified nonpolar liquids with point-plane electrode geometry was studied as a function of various parameters. For negative polarity of the point, a pulse regime has been observed which bears a great similarity to the TRICHEL pulses occurring in air, with the exception of a lack of pressur…
We modeled paramagnetic Si dangling-bond defects in amorphous ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ using a generalized-gradient density-functional approach. By creating single oxygen vacancies in a periodic model of amorphous ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2},$ we first generated several model structures in which the core of the defect consists of…
Photofunctional magnetic vesicles of spiropyran (SP1822) that contain iron oxide particles, which exhibit super-paramagnetic properties at room temperature, were prepared. Photoinduced aggregation of the vesicles was observed by UV illumination. As a result, we were able to increase the magnetization value by photoill…
The basic properties of a distributed-air-gap magnetic material for manufacture of inductor cores are described. A principal attraction of this material is easy fabrication of inductor cores either by injection molding or by machining of the bulk material. Iron powder and a nonmagnetic polymer binder are mixed to prod…
A new concept in microwave and millimeter-wave switching structures is demonstrated. The switch is built on a GaAs substrate and is compatible with IC technology. The approach used to implement the concept is to place a variable-resistance element spanning a very short gap (compared to the width of the line) on a meta…
The authors present results on the dielectric loss of PE (polyethylene) insulation systems containing curing by-products of acetophenone, cumyl alcohol, and alpha -methyl styrene. They also discuss the influence of these curing by-products on dielectric loss of insulation. It is shown that when a layer of curing by-pr…
The thermal degradation and endurance of polyimide films were investigated in an attempt to develop electrical insulation systems operable at high temperatures. Two kinds of polyimide films were investigated: a widely used polyimide with diphenyl-ether and a recently introduced type without diphenyl-ether. Film sample…
The fatigue behavior of sol-gel derived PZT (lead zirconate titanate) thin films was studied to determine the endurance of nonvolatile ferroelectric memories. The observed capacitance characteristics following polarization cycling are consistent with a domain pinning model. Cycling at low fields improves the endurance…
The effect of the addition of 1% by weight of titanium dioxide fine particles to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) on the short-term DC breakdown strength of the LDPE was investigated using direct and reverse polarity voltages. The samples used were cylinders of both plain and doped materials, with hemispherically tippe…
PZT (lead zirconate titanate) multilayer actuators have small volume, fast response, low power consumption, and low driving voltage. The fabrication of such parts, however, has some limitations. The use of AgPd for inner electrodes allows maximum sintering temperatures of only about 1100 degrees C. This can be achieve…