Materials Literature
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Abstract Chronoamperometry ( i–t ) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to study the nucleation and growth mechanism of electropolymerized polypyrrole formed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate surface. From i–t measurements it was found that the nucleation and growth mechanism was a 3‐D prog…
Inorganic precipitates (scales) are one of the major flow assurance concerns in offshore oil and gas production, and lead to significant reductions in productivity and costly workovers if allowed to form uncontrolled. Scale prevention by the use of chemical inhibitors, applied either by continual injection or by squee…
Spectroscopic properties and local structure of Eu 3+ in Ge–Ga–S–CsBr (or CsCl) glasses were investigated using fluorescence measurements and several spectroscopic methods. Fluorescence from Eu 3+ : 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 was observed only from glasses with CsBr/Ga ratios greater than unity and disappeared at temperatures abov…
Three series of calamitic liquid crystals have been prepared, consisting of a mesogenic core attached to which is a perfluorinated chain via a thioester linkage, and a hydrocarbon chain containing a terminal double bond. The rigid core is either a monophenyl, biphenyl or phenyl benzoate group. The mesomorphic properti…
Kinetics and reaction paths of Fe 3+ reduction by H 2 in high-Fe and low-H 2 O silicate melts have been investigated at 800 ℃. Time-series experiments were performed in cold-seal pressure vessels at 50 bars of pure H 2 using rapid-heating and rapid-quench strategies. Within the first minutes of the experiments, a fast…
Abstract Surface modification of two types of fluorinated polyimide (FPI) films, either by plasma polymerization and deposition of 4‐vinylpyridine (4VP) or by UV‐induced graft copolymerization with 4VP under atmospheric conditions, was carried out for adhesion enhancement with the electrolessly deposited copper. X‐ray…
Delivery of DNA mixed with a degradable matrix carrier was supposed to improve transgene expression. Using a rabbit hind-limb ischemia model, we tested the angiogenic potency of plasmid encoding human vascular endothelial growth factor (pSG5-VEGF165) entrapped in fibrin sealant. Animals were injected intramuscularly w…
A model is proposed which imitates the morphogenesis of several species of the lower invertebrate animals, the hydroid polyps and permits the derivation of the geometry (surface curvature) of each developmental stage from that of the preceding stage. The model is based upon two experimentally verified assumptions. Fir…
A cubic CeO 2 (001) film with a thickness of ∼58 nm was grown epitaxially on Y 2 O 3 ‐stablized cubic ZrO 2 by oxygen‐plasma‐assisted molecular‐beam epitaxy (OPA‐MBE). The interface was characterized using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The interface exhibited coherent regions separated by e…
A new ferroelectric liquid crystal, 1-ethylpropyl (S)-2-[2-fluoro-4-(4′-decyloxybiphenylcarbonyloxy) benzoyloxy] propanoate, F, was synthesized and mixed with an achiral swallow-tailed material, 2-propylpentyl 4-(4′-nonyloxybiphenyl-4-carbonyloxy) benzoate,P, for the preparation of binary mixtures for the study. The b…
A numerical study of directional solidification has been performed using a fixed-grid front-tracking algorithm. The directional solidification of pure tin, as well as the horizontal Bridgman growth of pure succinonitrile, were investigated. In both cases, the growth front was stable and nondendritic, but was significa…
The basic reason for the significant spread in the experimental data on the surface tension (σ) of aluminum is shown to be the adsorption of a residual gas in a vacuum chamber. The processing of the kinetic curves σ(θ) by a method proposed in this work yields for aluminum σ=1070 mJ/m 2 .
Improved diffraction efficiencies can be obtained in the paraxial domain of diffractive optics by considering light explicitly as an electromagnetic rather than a scalar field because of the extra freedoms provided by the state of polarization. For example, diffractive beam splitters with 100% efficiency are made poss…
Surface spallation of gelcast alumina green bodies due to the exposure of the surface to air during gelation was successfully eliminated by adding a proper amount of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) in aqueous acrylamide premix solution. The influences of PVP on the colloidal characteristics of alumina powder in aqueous s…
Thickness dependence of leakage current behavior in Pt/(Ba,Sr)TiO3/Pt film capacitors was investigated by fabricating epitaxial (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films having different thicknesses of 55–225 nm but with an identical interface state on Pt(001)/MgO(001) substrates by a radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technique. In t…
Abstract Kevlar fibers (DuPont) and glass fibers have been used to reinforce linear lowdensity polyethylene (LLDPE) by using an elastic melt extruder and the compression molding technique. The impact behavior of hybrid composites of different compositions is compared and has been explained on the basis of volume fract…
The atomic-force microscopy method is used to study the structure of the surface and the formation of a dislocation spiral on the (010) face of a potassium hydrogen phthalate crystal grown from a water-alcohol solution. It is shown that the face grows according to the dislocation mechanism. Channels surrounding disloc…
The potential applications of diamond in the field of electronics working under high power and high temperature (aeronautic, aerospace, etc.) require highly oriented films on heterosubstrates. This is the key motivation of the huge research efforts that have been carried out during the last ten years. Very significant…
Abstract PbSe nanowires with an average size of 8 × 350 nm were synthesized by the reaction of Pb(NO 3 ) 2 and Se powder at 60 °C under ambient pressure. A mixture of arachidic acid (AA, n ‐C 19 H 39 COOH) and octadecylamine (ODA), which could form a complex with Pb 2+ , was employed as a soft template to control the…
Bistability is reported in sensitized Er3+ luminescence driven by an Yb3+ transition that previously revealed an Yb3+ luminescent instability. To our knowledge this is the first report of bistable energy transfer between different rare-earth ions.