Materials Literature
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Iron nitrides were prepared by nitrogenizing α-iron in ammonia gas at temperatures from 100°C to 700°C. In the case using iron foils as a starting material, Fe2-3N and Fe4N were formed as a main crystal phase at the temperature ranges of 450-700°C and 250-400°C, respectively. A crystal phase like to Fe16N2 was formed…
The bundle theory of polymer crystallisation expounded by Allegra (J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 66, 5453; Ferroelectrics, 1980, 30, 195) is revisited as new experimental and simulation results are considered. We propose a framework by which recent evidence of structure formation prior to crystallisation may be understood at…
Itoigawaite, SrAl2Si2O7(OH)2·H2O, is a new member of the lawsonite group found in the Itoigawa-Ohmi district, central Japan. It is orthorhombic, Cmcm, a = 6.031(2), b = 8.945(2), c = 13.219(4) Å, Z = 4. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are 4.68 (s) (111), 4.26 (vs) (021), 3.31 (vs) (113), 2.…
Photoinduced nematic (N)-to-isotropic (I) and thermal I–N phase transition behaviour of liquid crystals (LCs) with donor–acceptor azobenzenes was investigated. Photoirradiation of mixtures of the azobenzenes and host LC resulted in N–I phase transition due to trans–cis photoisomerisation of the azobenzenes, and the N…
The condensation of a dipyrromethane with ferrocene aldehyde leads to a single atropisomer of α,α-5,15-bis(ferrocenyl)-2,8,12,18-tetrabutyl-3,7,13,17-tetramethylporphyrin 1; electrochemistry of 1 and Ni-1 reveals two consecutive ferrocene-based one-electron oxidation waves, which are separated by 0.19 and 0.41 V, resp…
A cryochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles stabilised by poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (poly-DMAEMA) has been performed; it has been found using optical spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy that silver sols prepared with these nanoparticles in water, acetone and toluene are st…
Crystal chemical aspects of ferroelectrics AnMnO3n+2 with layered perovskite-like structure (the idealized and real structures, nature of phase transitions, the Curie temperatures, peculiar properties of Sr2Ta2O7, stability of the layered structure, formation of solid solutions) are discussed.
This paper addresses options for using agricultural materials alone or in combination with wood to produce composition panel products. Past research and technology available on a regional basis throughout the world is reviewed first. Agricultural fiber options for North America are discussed and a brief review of perf…
Reactions of europium with copper or silver in molten alkali metal/polytelluride fluxes have produced the new polytelluride compounds, Cu 0.66 EuTe 2 , KCu 2 EuTe 4 and Na 0.2 Ag 2.8 EuTe 4 . All three compounds are stable in air and crystallize as red–brown plates in tetragonal space groups. Cu 0.66 EuTe 2 crystalliz…
This work studies a polypropylene/ammonium polyphosphate/polyurethane intumescent fire retardant material. It reports the foaming expansion under a normal strain and the variation of the apparent viscosity of the heat-treated material measured using a plate–plate rheometer. The loss of the protective character of the…
The aim of the study was to prove the importance of the binary mixture composition and spheronization speed on pellet properties. Extrudates from different binary mixtures of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate were prepared with a power-consumption-controlled extruder and spheronized at…
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on Tersoff interatomic potentials have been carried out for amorphous silicon carbonitride (Si-C-N) ceramics. Short-range atomic arrangements and self-diffusion behavior in Si-C-N are investigated. In the Si-C-N amorphous network with homogeneously distributed carbon atoms, si…
A total synthesis of cytochalasin D 3 is reported in which the key step is an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction used to close the 11-membered ring simultaneously introducing the required stereochemistry at four of the stereogenic centres, C(4), C(5), C(8) and C(9). The precursor 21 for the Diels–Alder reaction was p…
Magnesium oxide thin films were deposited on soda lime and Si(100) substrates by atomic layer epitaxy from Mg(thd) 2 and ozone. The depositions were carried out at 180–450 °C, where the growth parameters were studied in detail. A narrow temperature range of 225–250 °C was found where the growth was surface- controlled…
Results of viscosity and Raman scattering measurements on trehalose aqueous solutions are presented. They provide evidence that the trehalose-water system shows a very fragile character, i.e. a great structural sensitivity to temperature and concentration changes. In addition, to get some insight into the effects of t…
A thermoelectric generator has been made consisting of an inner shell as a exhaust pipe, an outer shell as a water jacket and 16 Bi2Te3 modules working at low temperature established between the inner shell and the outer shell. Heat-exchanging fins were formed inside the inner shell with heat transfer area ratios of 0…
The effect of Y2O3/SiO2 ratio on grain growth of Si3N4 was systematically investigated using the “seed” fabrication method. The aspect ratio of β-Si3N4 crystals heat-treated with an additive composition of Y2O3:SiO2=1:2 was found to be much smaller than that of Y2O3:SiO2=2:1. It was confirmed that this was due to the…
Several systems of nanocomposite thin films have been prepared by plasma sputtering and heat treatment. By choosing suitable multilayer structures of the as-deposited films and subsequent heat-treatment processes, the nanostructures of the films have been tailored. The thermal processing is the key to control the morp…
The hydrothermal reaction of Na2WO4·2H2O with finely powdered vanadium metal and tetramethylammonium chloride at 160 °C gave an orange solution which yielded the 12-tungstovanadate Keggin compound [Me4N]7[VW12O40]·15H2O 1. This novel compound has been characterized by the IR, UV-VIS and EPR spectroscopic methods, mang…
Processible polyaniline (PCPAn) modified electrodes are characterized by an advanced potentiometric pH response in comparison to those based on regular polyaniline. Glassy carbon electrodes modified with PCPAn by dip-coating exhibited a fully reversible potentiometric response of approximately 90 mV pH–1 over the rang…