First Observation of Visible Luminescence from Trivalent Gadolinium
The 6G, -^ 6 emission for Gd3+ in LiYF4 around 600 nm is reported. As far as we are aware, this is tle first observation of visible luminescence from trivalent gadolinium.
Materials Literature
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Ferroelectric langmuir-blodgett films
Ferroelectric Langmuir-Blodgett films are prepared and investigated for the first time. The films are prepared from the ferroelectric copolymer of vinylidene fluoride with trifluorethylene. Films with a thickness of 150Å show a pyroelectric effect, remnant polarization switching and a ferroelectric phase transition of…
Effect of Uniaxial, Cyclic Stretch on the Morphology of Monocytes/Macrophages in Culture
Technical Briefs Effect of Uniaxial, Cyclic Stretch on the Morphology of Monocytes/Macrophages in Culture Takeo Matsumoto, Takeo Matsumoto Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechatronics and Precision Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Sc…
Ba2ErCl7—a new near IR to near UV upconversion material
New near IR to near UV upconversion (UC) materials are required for the development of solid state lasers pumped by laser diodes. Two materials are reported: an air‐stable and efficient UC material emitting mostly in the yellowish‐green and a very promising UC compound, Ba 2 ErCl 7 , which is being further characteriz…
Polarization-sensitive subwavelength antireflection surfaces on a semiconductor for 975 nm
We present the results of subwavelength antireflection surfaces etched into GaAs for use at 975 nm. These surfaces comprise linear gratings with periods less than the wavelength of light in GaAs. The structure appears as a homogeneous birefringent film. For one of the two polarizations, the film is directly analogous…
Effect of Co substitution for Fe on magnetic and magnetostrictive properties inSm0.88Dy0.12(Fe1−xCox)2compounds
Measurements of x-ray diffraction, magnetization, magnetostriction, and M\"ossbauer effect were made on a series of ${\mathrm{Sm}}_{0.88}$${\mathrm{Dy}}_{0.12}$(${\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Co}}_{\mathit{x}}$${)}_{2}$ polycrystalline samples (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0). It was fou…
Computer simulations of crystal structures and elastic properties of cellulose
Abstract Structures and elastic properties (Young's moduli) of the different phases of cellulose I and II are studied on the basis of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using a new force field for carbohydrates. The structural results for all phases as well as the Young's moduli for cellulose I and cellulose II with…
Shot Peen Forming Sheet Metal: Finite Element Prediction of Deformed Shape
Shot peen forming is a production process used to create curved metal parts from sheet. It is commercially important despite the fact that its mechanisms are not fully understood; peen forming programmes are currently generated using experience and trial and error. The purpose of this work is to increase the predictab…
Cross-relaxation process between +3 rare-earth ions inLiYF4crystals
The cross-relaxation probability (${\mathrm{sec}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$) involving the $^{5}$${\mathit{S}}_{2}$ and $^{5}$${\mathit{I}}_{8}$ levels of holmium ions in ${\mathrm{LiYF}}_{4}$ was investigated and its concentration dependence determined. By using a random distribution function of ions in the crystal…
Large‐Area Electrochromic Coatings: Composites of Polyaniline and Polyacrylate‐Silica Hybrid Sol‐Gel Materials
A low‐cost technique for fabricating large‐area electrochromic coatings is described. Polyaniline was incorporated into polyacrylate‐silica hybrid sol‐gel networks using suspended particles or solutions. A solution of polyaniline and poly[methyl methacrylate‐co‐3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate] can be spray‐ or…
High‐Temperature lonic Conduction in Multicomponent Solid Oxide Solutions Based on HfO 2
The parameter p e' of HfO 2 –CaO, HfO 2 –Y 2 O 3 , and HfO 2 –RE 2 O 3 (where RE is a rare‐earth element) solid solutions with high dopant concentrations was measured at 1200°–1600°C. In the oxide systems, the cubic phase was identified using X‐ray diffractometry. All dopant oxides formed wide cubic solid‐solution reg…
Spectral hole burning inEu3+-doped highly porousγ-aluminum oxide
Transient and persistent spectral holes were burned in the $^{7}F_{0}\ensuremath{-}^{5}D_{0}$ transition of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ ions in macromonolithic transparent porous nanocrystalline $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ produced by sol-gel technology. An unusual temperature dependence of th…
Treatment of Textile Wastewater by Foam Flotation
Foam flotation (adsorptive bubble separation) experiments in a packed bed reactor were conducted to investigate the efficiency of this process in reducing the color, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the textile wastewater obtained from a dyeing and finishing plant. Both hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide…
Corrosion of Mullite by Molten Salts
The interaction of molten salts of different Na 2 O activities and mullite is examined with furnace and burner tests. The more‐acidic molten salts form small amounts of Al 2 O 3 ; the more‐basic molten salts form various Na 2 O–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 compounds. The results are interpreted using the Na 2 O–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 ter…
Magnetoresistance anomalies and multiple magnetic transitions in SmMn2Ge2
The results of magnetoresistance ($\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\rho}}{\ensuremath{\rho}}$), heat capacity ($C$), and ac susceptibility ($\ensuremath{\chi}$) measurements are reported for a polycrystalline specimen of Sm${\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$. In addition to sharp variations of the order of 3-5…
Environmental effects on metallic materials – Results of an Outdoor exposure programme running in Switzerland
Abstract As part of the project “Environmental Effects on Materials” a field exposure programme was begun in 1993 in Switzerland. The exposure sites were chosen near the stations of the National Air Pollution Monitoring Network (NABEL), where climatic data are also recorded. This work presents the results for unalloye…
Measurement of dynamic/advancing/receding contact angle by video-enhanced sessile drop tensiometry
A sessile drop tensiometer enhanced by video-image digitization is designed for the experimental measurement of dynamic/advancing/receding contact angle. A collimated light beam passes through the sessile drop of liquid and a silhouette of the drop is created. The equipment video images the silhouette, digitizes the i…
Water sorption and thermally stimulated depolarization currents in nylon-6
The influence of water on the low temperature dielectric relaxations of nylon-6 has been investigated in the range from dry to water-saturated polymer by means of sorption experiments and thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC). Three different ranges of water sorption are observed and their reflection in…
Reaction kinetics of ozone at low concentrations with n‐hexane soot
The reaction of ozone in low concentrations (2.6–41.2 ppm) with n ‐hexane soot has been studied by interfacing Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy with a long optical path cell and microgravimetry. The rates and rate laws for ozone loss, soot mass gain, and CO 2 and H 2 O formation have been determined at 22°C. Th…
Disorder effects of nitrogen impurities, irradiation-induced defects, andC13isotope composition on the Raman spectrum in synthetic Ibdiamond
For type-Ib diamond, we have experimentally studied the change in the Raman spectrum with the concentration of nitrogen impurities, the fluence of neutron irradiation and $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ isotope composition, to look for phonon scattering due to these events. It has been found that the nitrogen impurities have no app…