Materials Literature
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The micro-architecture of nacre (mother of pearl) has been classically illustrated as a 'brick-and-mortar' arrangement. It is clear now that hierarchical organization and other structural features play an important role in the amazing mechanical properties of this natural nanocomposite. The more important structural c…
Polycrystalline BiFeO3 (BFO), Ti-doped BFO, Mn-doped BFO, and (Mn, Ti)-codoped BFO (BFMT) thin films were fabricated on Pt/SrTiO3 (100) substrate by pulsed laser deposition. Observed leakage current behavior in those ion-doped BFO films indicated the dominance of space-charge-limited current in the high electric field…
AIMS: To determine the effect of carbon sources on cellulose produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain ATCC 53524, and to characterize the purity and structural features of the cellulose produced. METHODS AND RESULTS: Modified Hestrin Schramm medium containing the carbon sources mannitol, glucose, glycerol, fructos…
A supramolecular hydrogel based on D-amino acids, which resists hydrolysis catalyzed by proteinase K and offers long-term biostability, exhibits controlled release in vivo, as proved by the pharmacokinetics of encapsulated 125I tracers and the SPECT imaging of the hydrogel-encapsulated 131I tracers. As the first in vi…
Novel nanoscale theragnostic devices were successfully prepared through attachment of well defined, multifunctional polymer chains to gadolinium (Gd) metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles. Copolymers of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-poly(N-acryloxysuccinimide)-co-poly(fluorescein O-methacrylate) were prepared v…
First-principles density-functional theory calculations in the generalized gradient approximation are carried out to study the relative stabilities of oxygen vacancies at surface and subsurface sites of anatase ${\text{TiO}}_{2}(101)$ and ${\text{TiO}}_{2}(001)$, and, for comparison, of the prototypical rutile ${\text…
A simple “dip-coating” process that imbues oleophobicity to various surfaces that inherently possess re-entrant texture, such as commercially available fabrics, is reported. These dip-coated fabric surfaces exhibit reversible, deformation-dependent, tunable wettability, including the capacity to switch their surface w…
Hydrophobic blue fluorescent nanodiamond was synthesized by covalent linking of octadecylamine to the surface of nanodiamond particles. The material is easily dispersible in hydrophobic solvents, forming a transparent colloidal solution, and can be used in those applications where stable dispersions of nanodiamond in…
A number of basic scientific questions relating to ion conduction in homogeneously disordered solids are discussed. The questions deal with how to define the mobile ion density, what can be learnt from electrode effects, what the ion transport mechanism is, the role of dimensionality and what the origins of the mixed-…
A fast and stable numerical algorithm for solving the symmetric eigenvalue problem is presented. The technique deviates fundamentally from the traditional Krylov subspace iteration based techniques (Arnoldi and Lanczos algorithms) or other Davidson-Jacobi techniques and takes its inspiration from the contour integrati…
We report broadband visible photoluminescence from solid graphene oxide, and modifications of the emission spectrum by progressive chemical reduction. The data suggest a gapping of the two-dimensional electronic system by removal of π-electrons. We discuss possible gapping mechanisms, and propose that a Kekule pattern…
The diversity of plant surface structures, evolved over 460 million years, has led to a large variety of highly adapted functional structures. The plant cuticle provides structural and chemical modifications for surface wetting, ranging from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic. In this paper, the structural basics of…
Graphene edges are of particular interest since their orientation determines the electronic properties. Here we present a detailed Raman investigation of graphene flakes with edges oriented at different crystallographic directions. We also develop a real space theory for Raman scattering to analyze the general case of…
Nature has developed materials, objects and processes that function from the macroscale to the nanoscale. These have gone through evolution over 3.8 Gyr. The emerging field of biomimetics allows one to mimic biology or nature to develop nanomaterials, nanodevices and processes. Properties of biological materials and s…
The mechanical spectrum of γ-NaxCoO2 above room temperature was measured using the vibrating reed method at kilohertz frequency. A sodium ordering transition around 427 K was previously deduced by the mechanical spectrum of Na0.66CoO2, which is annealed at 400 °C in the flowing oxygen gas. A step increase in modulus w…
Heterojunction diodes are fabricated using p-type Ge2Sb2Te5 and low doped n-type silicon wafer. Rectification is observed with a ratio of forward-to-reverse current as high as 104 and 103 for crystal-Ge2Sb2Te5/n-Si junction and amorphous-Ge2Sb2Te5/n-Si junction, respectively. The approximate equilibrium energy-band di…
Abstract Highly luminescent CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals were obtained by adapting non‐TOP‐based synthesis and a subsequent two‐phase ZnS shelling procedure: the core CdSe nanocrystals were synthesized in sole solvent paraffin liquid with cadmium oxide, elemental selenium, and oleic acid; the deposition of the ZnS shell was…
Abstract Nanostructured Bi 2 Se 3 and Sn 0.5 ‐Bi 2 Se 3 were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal coreduction from SnCl 2 ·H 2 O and the oxides of Bi and Se. The products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM).…
In this study, the pyroelectric coefficient and the figure of merit (FOM) of the ferroelectric (FE) PbZr0.3Ti0.7O3 (PZT 30/70) thin films were found to be greatly enhanced by introducing a thin antiferroelectric (AF) PbZr0.95Ti0.05O3 (PZT 95/05) layer underneath the FE film and thus creating a bilayer structure on pla…
The effect of thermal treatment on physical properties of (Ba0.6,Sr0.4)TiO3 (BST60) ferroelectric thick films deposited by aerosol deposition (AD) technique has been investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) to explain the leakage current behavior of the films. The…