Materials Literature
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The skeleton of the oldest multicellular animals, the spicules from siliceous sponges (the classes of Hexactinellida and Demospongiae), is composed of amorphous hydrated silica. The most outstanding feature of these spicules is that they are synthesized by the enzyme silicatein. After having studied the largest biosil…
Abstract Electrospinning is the process of producing ultrafine fibers by overcoming the surface tension of a polymer solution using high voltage. In this work, the effects of both solution properties (viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension) and operational conditions (voltage, feed rate, and spinneret‐collector…
BACKGROUND: In many bacteria, the signal molecule AI-2 is generated from its precursor S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine in a reaction catalysed by the enzyme LuxS. However, generation of AI-2-like activity has also been reported for organisms lacking the luxS gene and the existence of alternative pathways for AI-2 formation i…
There is a pressing need for the archiving and curation of raw X-ray diffraction data. This information is critical for validation, methods development and improvement of archived structures. However, the relatively large size of these data sets has presented challenges for storage in a single worldwide repository suc…
The sonoluminescence emission and sonochemical efficiency of a typical laboratory scale, high-frequency standing wave reactor (355 kHz), stimulated by low-frequency pulses (20 kHz) has been investigated in the presence and absence of some water-soluble solutes, namely, propanol and polyethylene oxide. It has been foun…
The synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of a novel oxalate-based bimetallic magnet obtained by using the chiral (S)-trimethyl-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-ammonium, ((S)-[PhCH(CH3)N(CH3)3](+)), cation as template is reported. This compound can be formulated as [(S)-[PhCH(CH3)N(CH3)3]][Mn(CH3CN)2/3Cr(ox)3] x (CH3CN)_(sol…
Abstract A comparison of the changes in the optical and structural properties of ZnO thin films, undoped and doped with Al, Er and Ta, deposited by magnetron co‐sputtering in Ar is performed in this work. A set of ZnO samples deposited by sputtering in Ar+H 2 is studied, as well. The films are deposited at different s…
Abstract The surface of anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles, obtained by the controlled hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride, was modified by 6‐palmitate ascorbic acid. The surface modified TiO 2 nanoparticles were dispersed in methyl methacrylate and mixed with a appropriate amount of poly(methyl methacrylate) to obtain a sy…
The response of fractal networks of dispersed single walled carbon nanotubes in poly(ethylene oxide) to continuous constant-rate shear flow is examined as functions of shear rate and nanotube concentration. The steady shear viscosity values are strong functions of shear rate and follow a power-law shear-thinning chara…
Structural studies become increasingly important for understanding the nature of magnetic properties in dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) [K. Ando, Science 312, 1883 (2006)]. In this work, x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) at both Co and $\text{O}\text{ }K$ edges is used to investigate the Co occupation sites…
Abstract The rheological behavior of polypropylene/wood flour (WF) composite was investigated at constant temperature over a wide range of frequencies using a mechanical compact rheometer operated in the dynamic mode. The effect of WF content, particle size, and coupling agent on melt rheological properties were inves…
Eukaryotic-type serine/threonine protein kinases in bacteria have been implicated in controlling a host of cellular activities. PknA is one of eleven such protein kinases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis which regulates morphological changes associated with cell division. In the present study we provide the evidence fo…
Targeted imaging requires contrast agents that remain in the vasculature for extended periods of time. A new contrast agent is described in which gadolinium is encapsulated within an extremely stable carbon sphere, thus allowing for safe extended residence. Water solubility and small particle size is achieved with nov…
The effects of the various contact types and shapes on the performance of Schottky barrier graphene nanoribbon field-effect-transistors (GNRFETs) have been investigated using a real-space quantum transport simulator based on the NEGF approach self-consistently coupled to a three-dimensional Poisson solver for treating…
Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of undoped and aliovalent-ion (Ca, F)-doped LaFePO, which undergo superconducting transitions at transition temperatures $({T}_{c})$ 4--7 K [Y. Kamihara et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 10012 (2006)], were investigated. ${T}_{c}$ of the samples varied from 2.4 to 5.5 K in…
Experimental measurements of the retention capacity and the band broadening in perfectly ordered porous shell pillar array columns are presented for a wide range of retention conditions and layer thicknesses. The porous silicon shells were obtained using electrochemical anodization of the solid silicon pillars obtaine…
With an aim to mimic natural extracellular matrix, we fabricated the nano- and microfibrous matrix with chitosan by electrospinning nanofibers onto predefined microfibrous mesh for effective chondrocytes cultivation. Rolling the double-layered nano-/microfibrous membranes produced three-dimensional (3-D) scaffolds tha…
We demonstrate that the surface morphology and surface-wetting behavior of layer-by-layer (LbL) films can be controlled using different deposition methods. Multilayer films based upon hydrogen-bonding interactions between hydrophobically modified poly(ethylene oxide) (HM-PEO) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) have been pre…
The J-aggregation behavior of diprotonated tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (H2TPPS4(2-)) in aqueous solution in the presence of the hydrophilic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (bmimBF4) was investigated in detail using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, resonance…
The effect of a negative Poisson ratio is experimentally revealed in the tension deformation of a natural layered ceramic. This effect can increase the volume strain energy per unit volume by 1100% and, simultaneously, decrease the deformation strain energy per unit volume by about 44%, so that it effectively enhances…