Materials Literature
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The concentration dependence of optical phonons in the ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$-${\mathrm{SnO}}_{2}$ system whose phase diagram exhibits a miscibility gap, has been studied by Raman scattering and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction confirmed that the mixed oxides ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremat…
The wettability of glassy carbon by liquid silicon has been investigated at 1430°C in argon by using techniques of both in situ formation and capillary formation of sessile drops. Analyses of the results showed that there are three distinct contributions of reaction to wetting: (a) dissolution of solid substrate carbo…
Recently, a peroxidase-mediated amplification system has been described for immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies. It is based on the deposition of hapten- or fluorochrome-labeled tyramide molecules. Although providing a significantly increased detection sensitivity compared to conventional…
Localized excitations (tunneling modes, soft harmonic vibrations) are believed to play a dominant role in the thermodynamics and transport properties of glasses at low temperature. Using instantaneous normal-mode (INM) analysis, we explore the role that such localization plays in determining the behavior of such syste…
Basic characteristics of basalt filaments are described. The main aim of this study is to explore tensile strength distribution based on experimental data. To select the appropriate failure risk function, the maximum likelihood method and methods based on order statistics are used. The use of basalt filaments in sewin…
A new type of restraint for the B factors of atoms in low- to-moderate resolution models of proteins is proposed. This restraint incorporates the knowledge that the B factors of two atoms bonded to each other may be systemically different. In addition, some bonded pairs of atoms will be more consistent from structure…
This paper deals with thermal insulation and thermal contact properties of woven fabric assemblies used to produce men's jackets. An important part of the paper is the description of the new computer-controlled instrument, the Alambeta, to measure insulation and thermal contact properties of fabrics. The heat flow pas…
Oxygen self-diffusion in ‘undoped’ (i.e. unintentionally doped) alumina (Al2O3) single crystals was investigated using the gas-solid isotope exchange technique. After diffusion annealing, profiles of 18O were determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry. These showed two parts: close to the initial surface, the first…
Despite the huge amount of data on so-called electrical aging of extruded HV cables, the fundamental phenomena responsible for it or evolving with aging time, are still far from well understood. It is therefore not surprising why it is so difficult to predict reliable cable lifetimes in service from accelerated aging…
Abstract The ignition–extinction behavior in the oxidation of methane, ethane, propane and isobutane, as well as of ethylene and propylene over a platinum‐foil catalyst was studied over the entire range of fuel/air ratios at atmospheric pressure. Ignition and extinction of the heterogeneous surface reaction, homogeneo…
Conventional ramp‐and‐hold sintering with a wide range of heating rates was conducted on submicrometer and nanocrystalline ZrO 2 –3 mol% Y 2 O 3 powder compacts. Although rapid heating rates have been reported to produce high density/fine grain size products for many submicrometer and smaller starting powders, the app…
Abstract The effect of acid type and concentration on the reaction rate and products of dissolution of hectorite in inorganic acids was investigated. The dissolution of hectorite in hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO 3 ) and sulphuric (H 2 SO 4 ) acids was characterized using quantitative chemical analysis, infrared (IR)…
Abstract Copolyesters with different stoichiometric compositions, obtained from 1,4‐butanediol, adipic acid, and terephthalic acid by molten‐state polycondensation, are studied by means of high resolution 13 C NMR spectroscopy with respect to copolymer composition and block length distribution. The ratio of aliphatic…
[NH 2 (CH 3 ) 2 ] 3 Sb 2 Cl 9 (dimethylammonium nonachlorodiantimonate, DMACA) has, at 200 K, a monoclinic Pc space group, with a = 9.470 (3), b = 9.034 (3), c = 14.080 (4) Å, β = 95.81 (3)°, V = 1198.4 (4) Å 3 , Z = 2 [ R = 0.024, wR = 0.025 for 4613 independent reflections with F > 4 σ ( F )]. At 298 K DMACA has…
Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide films were fabricated by spin‐on and dip‐coating methods. Both types of films exhibited columnar grains when the single coating was thin, ∼10 nm. The columnar TiO 2 films were dense, as confirmed by their density values calculated from the refractive index and TEM results. The addition…
Poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) was molded into films and rods, and drawn in the longitudinal direction to endow them with piezoelectricity. The piezoelectric constants of PLLA films increased with the draw ratio and, after passing a maximum at a draw ratio around 5, decreased. PLLA samples with a draw ratio 5 underwent fibril…
This review describes the synthesis of 1,3- and 1,2-tetrachalcogenafulvalenes, the chemical transformation of substituents, reactions of the ring systems and the synthesis of polymers with 1,3-tetrathiafulvalene units in the backbone and in the side chain. For selected charge-transfer complexes of tetrachalcogenafulva…
Supercapacitors are now attracting much attention as battery‐complementary devices for applications requiring high operating power levels, such as in electric vehicle technology. Two types of supercapacitors with different modes of energy storage are currently under study: the double‐layer, and the redox. Electronical…
Sonoluminescence is explained in terms of quantum radiation by moving interfaces between media of different polarizability. In a stationary dielectric the zero-point fluctuations of the electromagnetic field excite virtual two-photon states, which become real under perturbation due to motion of the dielectric. The son…
protein superfamily of aminotransferases. specialized subdivisions of Family I within the Evolutionary recruitment of biochemically