Materials Literature
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Abstract The physicochemical properties of smectite clay minerals that determine their industrial utilization are reviewed. Smectite is the name used for a group of phyllosilicate mineral species, the most important of which are montmorillonite, beidellite, nontronite, saponite and hectorite. These and several other l…
A theory of the magnetisation process in ferromagnets, based on existing ideas of domain rotation and domain wall motion is presented. This has been developed via a consideration of the various energy terms into a mathematical description of the process leading to an equation of state for a ferromagnet. The differenti…
The magnesium ferrite-aluminate series MgAlxFe2-xO4 (x=0.2, 0.4 and 0.7) has been synthesised, the lattice constants determined and the applicability of Vegard's law has been tested. The Mossbauer spectra have been recorded from 77K to a temperature well above the Neel point. The Neel temperature decreases linearly wi…
The well known 2.8 eV luminescence band in quartz has been studied using optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). A triplet state with a very large fine-structure splitting is found to contribute to the emission. The principle axes of the triplet are identified. The possibility that the luminescence originates in…
Lanthanum strontium vanadate, La 1-x Sr x VO 3 , has been studied by X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS) and high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) over a composition range 0<x<0.3 embracing the metal-nonmetal transition (MNMT) at x approximately=0.22. XPS confirmed that…
This paper presents a review of our current understanding of environmentally induced slow crack growth in glasses, single crystals, and polycrystalline ceramics. It is shown that the rate of crack growth is controlled by the chemical activity of the active species in the environment as well as by the stress intensity…
Simple methods are described to evaluate quantitatively the influence of charge-density-wave fluctuations on the thermodynamics of quasi one-dimensional conductors, and are applied to experimental data for ${\mathrm{K}}_{0.3}$Mo${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. These fluctuations are found to affect strongly the magnetic susceptibi…
Predictions of the possible post-transition symmetries of an R3̄c zone center continuous phase transition are made using recent extensions of the Landau theory. The Landau theory is summarized and direct group theoretical methods are applied to the R3̄c phase. General techniques for solving systems of nonlinear polyno…
Abstract Diffusion of m‐sulfobenzoic acid in nylon 6 was measured by using the S‐35 labelled acid as a tracer. A multimodal mechanism, identical to that in a preceding paper on sorption, was assumed, according to which the protonated acid diffused by dissolution, and the two dissociated acids diffused by competitive i…
Abstract Results of an investigation of the influence of processing conditions on the structure of branched polyethylene are presented. Under extreme conditions of processing the polymer was found to undergo changes of the molecular weight distribution, and small quantities of oxygen are bound in the form of carbonyl…
Abstract It is found that the virtual crystal model of a disordered binary alloy (in which the alloy is considered as an effective monatomic solid with atoms of intermediate characteristics between those of the two component metals) explains the tendency for a negative deviation of the alloy volume with respect to the…
A brief background of flame resistant rayon is presented, including alternative retardants. The paper covers performance data of flame resistant rayon made from poly(propoxyphosphazene) including vertical flame test results, heat shrinkage, smoke density, and thermal convective test results. Some toxicological data ar…
Aromatic/aliphatic regular copolyoxamides were prepared from aromatic diamine-oxamides and aliphatic diacid chlorides of various lengths of methylene groups by solution polymerization. The aromatic diamine oxamides, N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)oxamide and N,N′-bis(3-aminophenyl)oxamide were prepared and both were reacted w…
This paper describes measurements of the magnitude and distribution of residual fields around a tri-post insulator in compressed SF6, after being subjected to sustained dc voltages of several hundred kV, of negative and positive polarity. The effects of geometry associated with insulator leg fittings, particle-trap sl…
This paper discribes various optimum design conditions for a three-phase encapsulated gas insulated bus-bar (3 phase GIB) on the basis of the results of the quantitative analysis and the experiments with respect to the short circuit electromagnetic force. It reveals that the characteristics of the short circuit oscill…
Optical signs of type I and II micellar cholesteric lyotropic mesophases were for the first time determined. Lyomesophases were prepared from the following amphiphiles: potassium l-N-lauroyl-serinate, potassium laurate, sodium decylsulfate, cesium decylsulfate and decyl-ammonium chloride. Cholesterol was added to all…
Uniaxial and biaxial tests were compared in terms of their efficiency and accuracy in determining Poisson's ratios for thermally bonded nonwoven fabrics. The uniaxial test did not provide as true an estimate of the ratio as the biaxial test, because the binder fiber film characteristics dominated the effect on dimensi…
Abstract not Available.
The X-ray photoemission (XPS) spectra of the valence band and 2p core lines of metallic chromium are presented. A considerable deviation is observed in the shape of the valence band between the experimental spectrum and the theoretical one-electron spectrum. This discrepancy is mainly due to the d band being too broad…
When peracetylated wood, prepared in an acetic anhydride-pyridine medium, was saponified and recrystallized, almost no conversion of cellulose I to cellulose II took place. Neither was conversion detected, when thirteen species of wood, differing in density from 0.17 to 0.71, as well as in lignin content from 18.1 to…