Materials Literature
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An instrumented Izod test was used to investigate the effects of fiber content, coupling agent, and temperature on the impact performance of kenaf fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP). Composites containing 0—60% (by weight) kenaf fiber and 0 or 2% maleated polypropylene (MAPP) and PP/wood flour composites were tested…
A novel family of giant pi-conjugated dendrimers (G0, G1, and G2) solely constructed by 5,5,10,10,15,15-hexahexyltruxene units has been developed in a convergent manner through a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. The overall yields to such large rigid conjugated dendrimers are quite satisfying. The structures and purity…
Bio-inspired surface structures offer significant commercial potential for the creation of antireflective, self-cleaning and drag reducing surfaces, as well as new types of adhesive systems. The current article explores how the current understanding of the basic science of the biological structures occurring on the su…
Previous work has shown that the stiffness of poly(lactide)- b -poly(ethylene oxide)- b -poly(lactide) [PLA−PEO−PLA] hydrogels can be influenced by crystallinity. Those hydrogels with crystalline PLLA end blocks had a higher storage modulus (up to 1 order of magnitude) than the amorphous equivalents. All the previous…
We develop an essentially nonlinear theory of elastic and nonelastic microstrains resulting in the formation of nanostructures. Using the model of mutually penetrating lattices, we generalize the well-known theory of acoustic and optical vibrations to the case of nonlinear interaction between sublattices. This permits…
Single-cell solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) experiments using Ni yttria-stabilized zironia (YSZ) and Co-YSZ anodes were performed to examine the electrochemical oxidation of H 2 and H 2 S/H 2 mixtures. The introduction of 10%v/v H 2 S into the fuel stream resulted in anodes that initially showed significant signs of degr…
Special measures may be needed to select line insulators for transmission and distribution lines in locations exposed to freezing conditions. This first part of the paper describes the environmental and electrical stresses encountered in service that influence the risk of flashover on line insulators. Part II of the p…
Two homologous series of ferroelectric liquid crystalline compounds with 2‐alkoxypropanoate chiral unit containing biphenyl benzoate core laterally substituted by fluorine and bromine have been synthesized and studied. All compounds possess the ferroelectric smectic C* phase over a broad temperature range. For bromine…
Bulk nanostructured metals are often formed via severe plastic deformation (SPD). The dislocations generated during SPD evolve into boundaries to decompose the grains. Vacancies are also produced in large numbers during SPD, but have received much less attention. Using transmission electron microscopy, here we demonst…
Grain growth may occur in two forms, normal grain growth, characterized by a constant grain size distribution during growth, and abnormal grain growth, where one or more abnormally large grains may form in the microstructure. The presence of abnormally large grains in an otherwise uniform microstructure may be detrime…
The electric properties of ferroelectric BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films with ZrO2 insulating buffer on Si substrates fabricated by chemical solution deposition were investigated. ZrO2 demonstrates excellent insulating properties on Si substrates. The metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor (MFIS) structure exhibits clock…
Microwave driven hydrothermal synthesis and hydrothermal synthesis were used to obtain ZrO2 nanopowders. Their production with varying phase composition, the characterisation and selected optical properties concerning their potential use as luminescence oxygen sensors are reported. It was found that the powders obtain…
Abstract Many projects involving nuclear fuel rest on a quantitative understanding of the co-existing phases at various stages of burnup. Since the fission products have considerably different abilities to chemically associate with oxygen, and the metal-to-oxygen molar ratio is necessarily increasing, the chemical pot…
Ba(Zr x Ti 1- x )O 3 (BZT; x = 0.1 and 0.2) ceramics are prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and conventional sintering. By normal sintering, the density, grain size, and dielectric constant of the ceramics increase with sintering temperature. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant is enhanced by s…
A comprehensive physical aging and life model is presented for damage inception and growth in polymeric insulation, starting at the level of microscopic cavities, that are known to be one of the most severe factors limiting design electric field and life of cable insulation. Degradation within a polyethylene-based mat…
Typical experimental data of polarization fatigue in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films have been presented: (1) The coercive voltage Vc and the shape of the polarization-electric (P-E) hysteresis loop unnecessarily change with the number N of fatigue cycles except the remanent polarization; (2) the capacitance at voltages close…
A ZnO thin-film transistor (TFT) with a channel layer formed via aqueous solution-growth at low temperature is demonstrated. This ZnO thin-film semiconductor has a well-controlled crystalline form, exhibiting n-channel, enhancement-mode behavior with a channel mobility as large as 0.56 cm2 V−1 s−1. Low-cost, superior…
We describe a versatile three gun magnetron sputtering system with a custom made sample holder for in situ electrical resistance measurements, both during film growth and ambient changes on film electrical properties. The sample holder allows for the preparation of patterned thin film structures, using up to five diff…
Stoichiometric reaction of [ Sm(Tp(Me2))2 ], 1, with a variety of reducible ketone- and quinone-type substrates gave thermally stable, isolable radical anions/ketyls in moderate to good yields. Thus reaction with benzophenone gave [Sm(Tp(Me2))2(OCPh2)], 2, with fluorenone [Sm(Tp(Me2))2(eta1-OC13H8)], 3, and di-tert-bu…
Ultracapacitors are becoming widely accepted in the energy storage industry in both standalone and in combination with batteries. Standalone applications, once niche, are now rapidly expanding as the technical and economic benefits of this power dense component become more widely understood. Combination examples conti…