Materials Literature
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Three dimensions of human comfort with respect to clothing are proposed: physical, psychological, and social comfort. A pilot study of 60 women, aged 60 to 80, was conducted to develop and test a semantic differential measure of these three human comfort dimensions with respect to actual and ideal insulative clothing…
The changes in collagen metabolism during skeletal muscle growth were investigated by measuring rates of synthesis and degradation during stretch-induced hypertrophy of the anterior latissimus dorsi muscle of the adult chicken (Gallus domesticus). Synthesis rates were obtained from the uptake of tritiated proline inje…
A continuum model for dynamic tensile cleavage fracture and fragmentation has been developed for detailed simulation of brittle fracture processes in elastoplastic materials. The model includes processes for nucleation of microcracks, stress-dependent growth, coalescence and fragmentation, and stress relaxation caused…
It is found that, far above the ferroelectric transition temperature, Tc, certain ferroelectric systems show a temperature dependent index of refraction, n(T), that is qualitatively different from ordinary ferroelectrics. We review measurements in these systems and show how some aspects of this n(T) data can be quanti…
Although notched specimens have been much used in studies of hydrogen embrittlement, precracked–specimen testing has become more widespread in the last 15 years or so. However, recent work has revived interest in the use of notched specimens for fundamental studies. The background for, and recent results from, the use…
The Azotobacter vinelandii nifE gene was isolated and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. The amino acid sequences deduced from the A. vinelandii nifE and nifD gene sequences were compared and found to share striking primary sequence homology. This homology implies a functional and possibly an evolutionar…
Iron thin films with soft magnetic properties have been deposited by Dual Ion Beam Sputtering. And the dependence of their crystal structure and magnetic properties on preparation conditions, especially on ion bombardment onto film surface during deposition, has been investigated. All films are composed fine crystalli…
Boron carbide compacts sintered between 2220° and 2250° C showed abnormal grain growth that was associated with twinning and microcracking. The twin direction was 〈011〉. The microcracking was linked to thermal expansion anisotropy determined by high‐temperature lattice constant measurement.
The effect of additions of B, Al, and B + Al on the pressureless sintering of β‐Sic was examined. The influence of the sintering atmosphere and heating schedule on densification behavior, polytype transformation, and microstructure development was also studied. High densities were obtained at 1940°C by the simultaneou…
Extensive high-resolution heat-capacity measurements have been carried out near the smectic-A--hexatic-B transition of various compounds in the homologous series of n-alkyl-4'-n-alkoxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate. In contrast with the nematic--smectic-A and smectic-A--smectic-C (or chiral-smectic-C) transitions, the critica…
In a flux-grown SrTiO3 crystal, monodomain and polydomain regions have been observed below the transition temperature without applying external stress. For each region, measurements of the lattice constant as a function of temperature are made by means of high-angle double-crystal X-ray diffractometry (HADOX) with a p…
Since the Curie temperature (Tc) of R-Fe-B permanent magnets is lower than conventional 1/5 and 2/17 magnets, the irreversible loss due to the change of coercivity is critical when considering their application. The simple way to guarantee the thermal properties is to raise the coercivity at room temperature. The effe…
Thermal expansion was measured for skull‐melt‐grown undoped single‐crystal zirconia as well as for crystals containing 2.8 wt% MgO, 4 wt% CaO, and 3 to 20 wt% Y 2 O 3 . Samples were cycled in air from room temperature to 1500°C. The partially stabilized samples experienced a phase transformation which was strongly dep…
A technique is described to join Si 3 N 4 ceramics using oxide glasses. The technique involves a glazing step, followed by a pressureless reaction treatment of 30 to 60 min at 1575° to 1650°C. Reactions between the glasses and Si3N4 are reported. Important events are dissolution of Si 3 N 4 and the growth of Si 2 N 2…
A method for measuring assimilation efficiencies based on the change in the Si : 14 C ratio in food and feces is proposed. Since this indicator method uses biogenic silica as the inert substance, the method is restricted to aquatic herbivores that consume food containing it. The method has been demonstrated on adult f…
The development of amorphous TbFeCo alloy films is summarized and from the dynamic read/write characteristics, TbFeCo films are confirmed to be very useful for digital memory applications. That is, the value of C/N is more than 50 dB and life times of more than 5 years were obtained even in the case of a PMMA substrat…
The decomposition of trimethylaluminum (TMA) on copper, aluminum, quartz, and gallium arsenide substrates has been studied as a function of substrate temperature from 550–900 K under low pressure conditions. Detection of gaseous products was carried out by laser multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry (MPI/MS) for me…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformation, bonding, and flexibility in short-chain linear phosphazenesHarry R. Allcock, Norris M. Tollefson, Robert A. Arcus, and Robert R. WhittleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 18, 5166–5177Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published…
Abstract The diffusion of organic solvents in concentrated polymer solutions often deviates from the predictions of Fick's second law, especially when the solution is in the glassy state; such behavior is called anomalous or non‐Fickian. This paper analyzes the one‐dimensional sorption of a solvent into a concentrated…
The molybdenum bronzes A0·30MoO3, A0·9Mo6O17 and Mo4O11 oxides all show low-dimensional electronic properties, due to anisotropic crystal structures, which lead to charge-density-wave (CDW) instabilities. In the CDW states of the quasi-one-dimensional blue bronzes, non-linear transport properties are attributed to the…