Materials Literature
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ABSTRACT: The effects of hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of edible films against Listeria monocytogenes strain V7 by various nisin concentrations (4.0 ‐ 160 IU/film disk) and pH values ranging from 2.0 to 8.0 were determined and the mechanical properties and water vapor permeability of films prepared with or without nis…
Single crystals of lead-free piezoelectric material x (Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 – y BaTiO 3 (NBBT 100 x /100 y ) have been successfully grown by the flux method and the Bridgman method. Using the flux method, crystals having an edge length of 2–8 mm were obtained using Bi 2 O 3 flux with cooling from 1350°C to 800°C at a…
A novel type of hydrolase was purified from culture fluid of Paucimonas (formerly Pseudomonas) lemoignei. Biochemical characterization revealed an unusual substrate specificity of the purified enzyme for amorphous poly((R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates) (PHA) such as native granules of natural poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)…
Raman spectra of Bi 4- x La x Ti 3 O 12 have been investigated. For an increasing degree of La doping, we find a substantial hardening of the vibration involving Bi atoms at the perovskite A site, whereas the Bi mode at the Bi 2 O 2 layer is negligibly changed. From a comparison with a simple mass consideration, we id…
We report the energy-transfer mechanisms and emission quantum yield measurements of sol−gel-derived Eu 3+ -based nanohybrids. The matrix of these materials, classified as diureasils and termed U(2000) and U(600), includes urea cross-links between a siliceous backbone and polyether-based segments of two molecular weigh…
An array of single crystal CdS nanowires has been fabricated in the pores of an alumina membrane by sol–gel synthesis. The CdS crystals have a hexagonal structure, which is verified by electron diffraction. As CdS is an important semiconducting material this synthesis may prove very useful for the fabrication of nanos…
The results of the electrical conductivity and Raman scattering measurements of CeO 2 thin films obtained by a polymeric precursor spin‐coating technique are presented. The electrical conductivity has been studied as a function of temperature and oxygen activity and correlated with the grain size. When compared with m…
Tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) films were fabricated using dc magnetron reactive sputter deposition of an In 10 wt. % Sn alloy target in an Ar and O2 gas mixture. To understand the relationship between the electrical properties of ITO films and O2 partial pressure, the resistivity, carrier concentration and mobility, fi…
A morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between (Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 )TiO 3 (rhombohedral system) and KNbO 3 (orthorhombic system) was determined by using X-ray diffraction and dielectric measurements. A solid solution, (1- x )(Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 )TiO 3 – x KNbO 3 [BNTK-100 x ], shows a rhombohedral symmetry and orthorhombic symmetr…
When the human hand touches a garment that is at a different temperature than the skin, heat exchange occurs between the hand and the fabric, and the warm-cool feeling is the very first sensation. This transient transfer of energy depends on the contact interface between the skin and the fabric, and the contact interf…
Copper corrosion products originated by the action of formic acid vapours at 40% and 80% relative humidity for a period of 21 days were analysed. Three formic vapour concentration levels (10, 100 and 300 ppm) were generated in laboratory tests at 30°C. The corrosion product layers were characterised using X-ray photoe…
We have investigated the effect that metamictization has on the weathering of zircon in detrital continental sediments and tropical soils of the Amazon basin, Brazil. The degree of radiation damage in the near-surface region of the zircon grains was determined by Raman microprobe. In each of the four series investigat…
A method is presented for numerically sampling functional integrals in field theory models of polymer solutions and melts. The approach effectively relaxes the mean-field approximation in self-consistent field theories of equilibrium polymer phases. Viewed from another perspective, the method provides an alternative t…
Phase transitions in calcite, a naturally occurring crystalline form of CaCO 3 , have been investigated by three different experimental techniques: (1) in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) using synchrotron radiation to 6 GPa and 1750 °C in a cubic anvil press; (2) Raman scattering to 10 GPa at room temperature using a dia…
Application of about 0.8 GPa pressure is sufficient to induce the neutral-ionic transition in the mixed stack charge-transfer crystal 2-chloro-5-methyl-p-phenylenediamine--2,5-dimethyl-dicyanoquinonediimine (ClMePD-DMeDCNQI). The ionicity increases continuously from $\ensuremath{\sim}0.35$ at ambient conditions to $\e…
Argon ion milling is the conventional means by which mineral sections are thinned to electron transparency for transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, but this technique exhibits significant shortcomings. In particular, selective thinning and imaging of submicrometer inclusions during sample milling are highl…
Wood-plastic composites are being examined for a greater number of structural-type applications that may be exposed to different environments, some of them adverse. This paper discusses the influence of moisture absorption on the mechanical properties of wood flour-polypropylene composites. Composites filled with 20%…
TiO2 thin films with a hexagonal mesoporous structure and an anatase-type crystalline framework are easily synthesized by a sol–gel method at low pH, using an EO–PO–EO block copolymer as template. While the TiO2/polymer superstructure originally has a primitive cubic structure, annealing at 150 °C affords a phase tran…
Nanometer‐sized zinc aluminate (ZnAl 2 O 4 ) particles were synthesized from heterometal alkoxides, [ZnAl 2 (OR) 8 ], possessing an ideal cation stoichiometry for the ZnAl 2 O 4 spinel. ZnAl 2 O 4 is formed at 400°C, which is the lowest temperature reported for the formation of monophasic ZnAl 2 O 4 . 27 Al magic‐angl…
The impedance of a BaTiO 3 (BT)-based multilayer ceramic capacitor with a nickel internal electrode (Ni-MLCC) was investigated by measuring the frequency domain at various temperatures. All the obtained impedance data could be successfully fitted to a 4-RC section electrical equivalent network. The 4-RC section electr…