Materials Literature
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Cu electropolishing has recently been introduced to replace Cu-chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). In this work, we found that when the space width is fixed, the planarization efficiency (PE) decreases with increasing line width. When line width is fixed, the PE value decreases as space width increases. Furthermore,…
General equations for photon-correlation functions measured by dynamic-light-scattering on inhomogeneous, non-ergodic systems are presented. In contrast to previous studies on the same subject, our derivation includes the most general case that is free from any assumption on the nature of dynamic fluctuations. The pre…
In materials confined within nanometer channels in single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles, interesting properties which are not observed in bulk materials are expected. In the present paper, we report an X-ray diffraction (XRD) study on water adsorption in SWNT bundles. It was found that a substantial amount of…
New dendrons and dendrimers with dendritic arms composed of alternate phenyleneethynylene and phenylenevinylene moieties have been efficiently synthesized using orthogonal and convergent syntheses that combine Sonogashira and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions. Two different iterative routes have been developed that al…
The local injection and lateral propagation of charge in ultrathin polyaniline (PAN) layers have been studied with the scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). Monolayers of PAN were deposited on a glass substrate using the LB method and were chemically reduced using sodium dithionite. A microelectrode held close t…
We have measured the equilibrium swelling of polystyrene networks by linear deuterated polystyrene using the ion beam technique of helium-3 nuclear reaction analysis. These measurements enable an analysis of the swelling of networks at low degrees of swelling, and our results showed more swelling than predicted by usi…
The sound field generated from a cylindrical sonochemical cell is discussed in depth. This sound field is considered with a variable operating frequency. An acoustic model is developed to predict the spatial distribution of acoustic pressure, which is compared with experimental measurements of the spatial characterist…
We present a new coarse-graining scheme for efficient molecular dynamics simulations of polycarbonate liquids and compare its effectiveness to that of a previously presented model which uses a different coarse-grained representation. The effect of more realistically accounting for the excluded volume of the phenylene…
The ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone initiated by Nd(BH 4 ) 3 (THF) 3, 1a, has been investigated. The polymerization occurs rapidly (<5 min) and quantitatively at room temperature to give, in high yields, polymers which exhibit controlled molecular weights and relatively low polydispersities. Initially, 3…
In part I of this contribution we have reported how the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter chi can be modeled as a function of chain length within the composition range of pair interaction between the macromolecules by means of the three parameters alpha, zeta and lambda. This contribution presents the extension of t…
This is the first of two parts investigating the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter chi as a function of composition and chain length. Part I encompasses experimental and theoretical work. The former comprises the synthesis of poly(dimethylsiloxane)s with different molar mass and the measurements of their second osmo…
An analytical method of determining Cu contamination on Si wafer surfaces was studied. In order to make contaminated reference wafers, two forced contamination methods, i.e., particle deposition and spin coating, were used. For the former, mono-dispersed Cu particles in the submicron range were deposited on the Si waf…
Porous gallium phosphide (GaP) with a honeycomb-like morphology and a skeleton relative volume concentration c = 0.7 was investigated by Raman spectroscopy under pressure up to 10 GPa at T = 5 K. The porous samples were prepared by electrochemical etching. The transverse optical (TO) and longitudinal optical (LO) mode…
Viscoelastic phase separation is a new type of phase separation, which may be universal in any dynamically asymmetric mixture composed of slow and fast components. In such a dynamically asymmetric mixture, phase separation generally leads to the formation of a long-lived ‘interaction network’ (transient gel) of the sl…
Abstract In a stirred‐tank reactor (STR), a comparison of the performance of mechanical foam‐breakers: a six‐blade turbine (F‐B), a six‐blade vaned disk (V‐D), a two‐blade paddle (T‐P), a conical rotor (C‐R), a fluid‐impact dispersion apparatus (FIDA) and a rotating disk mechanical foam‐breaker (MFRD) was carried out…
We present three theoretical models of various degree of completeness to explore the chemical phase space available to the Glu4His2Zn2 cofactor found in the four-helix bundle of de novo designed metalloprotein Duo Ferro 1. We have found that the planewave DFT geometry optimization of 94-atom Model I, which contains bo…
We study glass formation in hard spheres with short-range attraction. The system consists of nearly-hard-sphere polymethylmethacrylate particles and non-adsorbing random-coil polystyrene which induced a depletion attraction between the particles. The experiments reveal a re-entrant glass transition and two qualitative…
The orientational properties of liquid crystals in twisted nematic (TN) and supertwisted nematic (STN) cells were studied by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation depending on the strength of an external field. The liquid crystals sandwiched between planar surfaces were described by three-dimensional lattice systems of dimensio…
Infrared spectra of CO alone and CO followed by the introduction of 2-butenal (crotonaldehyde) have been recorded for Pt/CeO2–SiO2 and Zn doped Pt/CeO2–SiO2 catalysts which had been pre-reduced at 473, 623 and 773 K. Samples treated at the highest reduction temperature showed the greatest selectivity toward the unsatu…
Lanthanide complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 2,2′-bipyridine (bipyridyl, bpy) and dipicolinate (dpa), together with uncomplexed lanthanide ions (Ln = Nd, Sm, Dy, Ho, Er) were doped into silica–polyethylene glycol (SiO2–PEG) inorganic–organic hybrid materials. The samples were prepared via a sol–gel process. The…