Materials Literature
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This study reports a hcp→fcc polymorphic transformation in elemental zirconium induced by mechanical attrition in a planetary ball mill. The transformation is monitored and verified by x-ray and electron diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Grain size decreases and lattice parameter increa…
We have used scanning white beam x-ray microdiffraction to study microstructural evolution during an in situ electromigration experiment on a passivated Al(Cu) test line. The data show plastic deformation and grain rotations occurring under the influence of electromigration, seen as broadening, movement, and splitting…
A series of polyfluorenes containing pendant poly(benzyl ether) dendritic wedges of different generations was synthesized via the macromonomer approach, and then they were characterized by their structures and properties. The dendritic monomers were prepared by coupling benzyl bromide functionalized dendrons with 9,9-…
Motivated by the central importance of charge-induced dimensional changes for carbon nanotube electromechanical actuators, we here predict changes in nanotube length and diameter as a function of charge injection for armchair and zigzag nanotubes having different diameters. Density functional theory with periodic boun…
The basal and prism interfaces formed by ice 1h and water in equilibrium are studied using the rigid SPC/E model of water, in the temperature range of 220–240 K close to one atmosphere. Density, translational, orientational, and dynamic order parameters exhibit smooth, continuous changes from crystal to liquid across…
We report quasielastic neutron scattering experiments exploring the alpha relaxation in polyisoprene over an unprecedented range in momentum transfer. Corroborating and validating earlier molecular dynamics simulations, the measurements reveal a crossover from a Gaussian regime of sublinear diffusion to a strongly non…
A number of silicon phthalocyanine bis-esters have been synthesized and characterized, with axial ligands containing one or more tetrathiafulvalene groups. Variations in the substitution positions around a central aromatic "hinge" within the ligands lead to different molecular geometries, and the fluorescence of the m…
We report on the out-of-plane piezoelectric response (d33), measured via piezoresponse scanning force microscopy, of submicron capacitors fabricated from epitaxial PbZrxTi1−xO3 thin films. Investigations on 1 μm2 and smaller capacitors show that the substrate-induced constraint is dramatically reduced by nanostructuri…
We report the formation of poly(acrylic acid) (sodium salt) (PAA) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) multilayers on polystyrene (PS) and melamine formaldehyde (MF) colloid particles by the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique. The use of different solution processing conditions (e.g., pH and ionic strength) w…
Amorphous SiO/SiO2 superlattices were prepared by reactive evaporation of SiO powder in an oxygen atmosphere. Infrared absorption and photoluminescence spectra were measured as a function of annealing temperature. Three photoluminescence emission bands were observed. A band centered at 560 nm is present in as-prepared…
We study few-particle interactions in GaN-coupled quantum dots and discuss how the built-in field characteristic of these structures strongly reinforce dipole-dipole and dipole-monopole interactions. We introduce a semi-analytical model which allows for a rapid and easy estimate of the magnitude of few-particle intera…
As is well known, the extrusion rate of polymers from a cylindrical tube or slit (a ``die'') is in practice limited by the appearance of ``melt fracture'' instabilities which give rise to unwanted distortions or even fracture of the extrudate. We present the results of a weakly nonlinear analysis which gives evidence…
Abstract The preparation and characterization of melt‐intercalated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/clay nanocomposites are reported. Organophilic clay (clay treated with dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow quaternary ammonium chloride) was used for the nanocomposite preparation. The composites were characterized with X‐ra…
Abstract Blends of amorphous poly(DL‐lactide) (DL‐PLA) and crystalline poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were prepared by both solution/precipitation and solution‐casting film methods. The miscibility, crystallization behavior, and component interaction of these blends were examined by diffe…
Abstract Morphology, thermal and rheological properties of polymer‐organoclay composites prepared by melt‐blending of polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and PS/PMMA blends with Cloisite® organoclays were examined by transmission electron microscopy, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, secondary ion mass spe…
The shear induced microstructure for electrostatic and Brownian suspensions are compared using in situ small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The dispersions consist of 75 nm Stöber silica coated with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TPM) and have a zeta potential of −42.6±4.7 mV. Neutralizing the surface char…
Successful synthesis of room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors, Zn1−xFexO, is reported. The essential ingredient in achieving room-temperature ferromagnetism in bulk Zn1−xFexO was found to be additional Cu doping. A transition temperature as high as 550 K was obtained in Zn0.94Fe0.05Cu0.01O; the saturation magn…
A calorimetric method of obtaining directly the fragility of liquids from the fictive temperatures of variably quenched glasses, is outlined. “Steepness indexes” m, have been determined for a group of molecular liquids of diverse character, and vary in the range 50–150. The values obtained mostly agree well with those…
The effects of polymer−particle and particle−particle interactions on viscoelastic properties of nanocomposite materials are investigated using narrow molecular weight distribution poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) containing isotropic silica nanospheres. Nanocomposites are prepared using a “freeze-drying” method to guarante…
The structure of lead tartrate, Pb(2+).C(4)H(4)O(6)(2-), has been solved from X-ray powder diffraction data. The cation exhibits ninefold coordination and the tartrate groups are linked through Pb.O contacts to form a three-dimensional network.