Materials Literature
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The initial sticking probability of copper on a thin silica film has been measured in the temperature range 90–700 K using temperature programmed desorption. The copper sticking probability depends markedly on the surface temperature, varying from 0.6±0.1 at 90 K to less than 0.1 above 400 K. Upon covering the silica…
Surface structures occurring as a function of coverage during the deposition of Si on GaAs (001) and the further changes brought about by subsequent GaAs overgrowth using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been studied with reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). Deposition of Si in the presence of an As4…
A deep level in boron-doped polycrystalline diamond films located approximately 0.6 eV above the valence-band edge has been found using isothermal capacitance transient spectroscopy (ICTS) measurements. p-n heterojunctions between polycrystalline diamond and hydrogenated amorphous silicon were used in the study. The d…
Patterned semiconducting polycrystalline diamond films have been synthesized by hot-filament CVD using in situ doping by pure boron powder. P-type conduction was confirmed by both Hall and Seebeck effects. The quality of deposited films, as determined by SEM and Raman spectroscopy, was unaffected by the doping. The re…
Freeze-fracture transmission electron micrographs of the smectic A(*) phase confirm the twist grain boundary model of Renn and Lubensky. The fracture surface has an undulating structure with a 0.5-micrometer helical pitch parallel to 4.1-nanometer smectic layers. The layers are disrupted by a lattice of screw dislocat…
Mechanical poling was applied to a BaTiO3 single crystal grown by the top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) method to remove its 90° domain walls, and then four-step electrical poling was applied to rearrange the 180° domain configuration. In each of these steps, the dielectric constant (from 50 kHz to 10 MHz) was measure…
A new type of thermo-electro-optic switch based on polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) composite is reported below. The PDLC composite has been made by dispersing a dual frequency addressable liquid crystal (LC) mixture in an isotropic polymer matrix in the form of very fine droplets of micron and submicron sizes.…
Measurements are reported of surface plasmon energy and dispersion carried out by electron energy loss spectroscopy on Ag(110) along both high-symmetry crystallographic directions. For small ${\mathit{q}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\parallel}}}$ the data show a linear and positive dispersion with a strong azimuthal dependen…
In order to investigate the mechanism of large volume expansion of graphite due to neutron irradiation we have made in situ observation of damage structure of graphite with a high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Both bending and randomizing the orientation of broken basal planes are proposed to be…
Abstract Nickel‐coated carbon fibers (NCF) treated with a coupling agent (CA) have been used for preparing composites of polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene (ABS) (90/10%) by melt blending. These composites have been evaluated for electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), mechan…
Abstract The fluidization technique was applied for the surface modification of powder by plasma, and whether the technique was a practically useful one in the surface modification of powder or not was discussed. Polyethylene powder was used as a specimen to be modified. The oxygen plasma treatment of the polyethylene…
Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy films, between 2 and 10 μm thick, were sputter deposited onto (100) silicon substrates. Films deposited onto a substrate at ambient temperature were amorphous; however, several post-deposition annealing procedures produced crystalline films exhibiting the B2-to-B19′ phase transition…
A novel macroscopic stripe texture has been observed in freely suspended films of nonchiral liquid crystal, uniform stripes of alternating molecular orientation form spontaneously at the smectic-C--to--surface-hexatic phase transition and broaden with decreasing temperature. The stripes are identified as splay domains…
In this letter we show that UV illumination of porous silicon causes a decrease in its luminescence efficiency. Infrared measurements allow us to associate the efficiency decrease with a loss of hydrogen from the silicon surface. We also find that the rate at which the luminescence intensity degrades increases rapidly…
Using an ac calorimetry technique we measured the specific heat at the nematic-isotropic, smectic-A--nematic, and smectic-A--isotropic phase transitions, for the alkylcyanobiphenyl liquid crystal nCB series confined to the 0.2-\ensuremath{\mu}m-diam pores of Anopore membranes. Studies were also performed as a function…
A new kind of microcrystalline composite films consisting of diamond and cubic silicon carbide (β-SiC) has been synthesized in a microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition process (MWCVD), using a gas mixture of hydrogen, methane, and tetramethylsilane. Single crystalline (111) silicon wafers and polycrystall…
Abstract We show that the subglass secondary relaxation temperature at which a polymer changes from brittle (crazing) to ductile (yielding) behavior is a function of the characteristic ratio C ∞ (which is a measure of the intrinsic flexibility and rigidity of a coiled chain). At 1 Hz frequency, the correlation is give…
Abstract Samples of a high‐purity isotactic polypropylene (iPP) were quenched from the melt so as to monitor cooling history. A continuous variation of morphology and crystal structure was obtained with cooling rate. This is discussed in relation to sample thermal history evidencing that cooling history relevant to qu…
The Ni 2p and O 1s XPS of NiO single crystals were measured using monochromatic Al K alpha radiation. Different treatments of the crystals allow the authors to give a description of the influence of defects on these spectra. The Ni 2p 3/2 spectrum of in-situ-cleaved NiO exhibits clearly visible features at 854.1 ev 85…
The selective seeding of palladium catalysts by photoirradiation for electroless copper plating was investigated. Pd(II) complexes, such as Pd(II)‐malate, ‐citrate, ‐tartrate, and ‐glucoheptonate, are effectively converted to Pd(0) catalysts by photoirradiation on an alumina substrate. The photoreduction of the adsorb…