Materials Literature
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Cryogenic refrigeration could be realized by using the electrocaloric effect (i. e. inverse pyroelectric effect) of ferroelectric materials. Recent progresses implied that ferroelectric refrigeration may be a possible new technique of cryogenic refrigeration operated near room temperature. The analyses and syntheses o…
Thermal decomposition during pyrolysis of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was investigated using off-line pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS). Observation of a yellow-brown smoke produced when PVA was heated at elevated temperatures indicated that the liquid products may contain highly conjugated chromo…
A two-dimensional analysis of horizontal Bridgman crystal growth is presented. Material properties are close to those of lithium calcium aluminium fluoride (LICAF), while operating parameters resemble, on average, those used during growth of fluorides via vertical techniques. Estimates of characteristic timescales, as…
One of the key requirements for optical switching apertures for ophtalmic, building and automobile glazing is long lived product. However, oxidation of a spirooxazine yields photoproducts such as oxindoie derivatives, naphthoxazole, dihydro-2,6-quinolone and 1-N-formylimino-2-naphthoquinone devoid of photochromic acti…
The formation of porous silicon is investigated by the Monte Carlo method in a model that takes account of the nonuniformity of the charge distribution over the silicon-electrolyte interface, hole diffusion, generation, and recombination processes, and size quantization. The structures obtained in a computer simulatio…
The theory of CSL and DSC has been applied for grain boundaries of quasicrystals. Particular features of special grain boundaries of quasicrystals are underlined. The Frank–Rodrigues representation of rotations is used to classify disorientations and to find the degeneracy of different values of the coincidence index.
The magnetic properties and structure of hydrogen-amorphized RFe 2 H x compounds (R=Y, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) have been studied. It is shown that amorphization of the RFe 2 H x hydrides results in an increase of Fe-Fe, and a decrease of R-Fe exchange interaction energy compared to their crystalline hydride counterparts.…
In order to understand the behaviour of ceramics and minerals at an atomic level a wide variety of modelling techniques are presently used, and one of the purposes of this workshop is to bring these together. At the most expensive end of the spectrum are the ab initio electronic structure calculations, which can accur…
In a previous study (B. Reihl and K.O. Magnusson, Phys. Rev. B 42 (1990) 11 839) no change was observed in the LEED pattern from the 2 × 1 pattern of the clean Si(111) surface upon potassium adsorption. In contrast to this paper, we observe six surface phases during room temperature dosing of K on the cleaved Si(111)…
The reactions of ana-anthraquinones with nucleophiles have been studied in order to find the photochromic compounds with the lowest fatigue. The primary stage of the reaction between 9-aryloxy-1,10-anthraquinones and nucleophiles (water, alcohols, primary amines) is the reaction of nucleophilic 1,4-addition. The elect…
Multilayer amorphous selenium-based photoreceptors were prepared by thermal evaporation in a vacuum at . Amorphous multilayers of Se/CdSe, as well as a combination of a thin film and multilayers were used as photogeneration layers. `Pure' Se or were the transport layers. The xerographic properties of the photoreceptor…
Abstract Surface SHG was observed, when a quartz plate with a submonolayer of viologen molecules on the surface was dipped into the heptane solution of 4,4′-dialkoxyazobenzene. Isomerization of the azobenzene moiety from the trans- to cis- form induced large increase in the SHG. The SHG was ascribed to intramolecular…
The variation of culture conditions - such as inoculation procedures, cultivation times, subspecies of Acetobacter xylinum and carbon sources - lead to different bacterial cellulose products. After isolation and purification of the bacterial cellulose (BC) from the culture medium the BC was analyzed by subsequent mild…
The Rigid-Unit model has been developed to describe phase transitions in which polyhedral units of several atoms maintain their integrity on collective motion. Previously, lattice dynamics calculations have been performed on such structures at zero temperature and with infinitesimal rotations of the rigid units. Molec…
Carbon monoxide adsorption on ceria dispersed on silica (CeSi) and alumina (CeAl) at 300–80 K was observed by in-situ IR spectroscopy. For control purposes, CO adsorption was also observed on unsupported CeO 2 and the individual support materials (SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 ). The adsorbents were prepared ex situ by heating a…
An anomalous high indium tin oxide etch rate, i.e., 1630 Å/min, reactive ion etching condition has been obtained. This process is based on the combination of high temperature, i.e., 250° C, and a mixture of HCl and CH 4 gases. Throughout the whole range of the gas composition, the highest etch rate is obtainable in a…
Abstract: Since 1972 the author and colleagues at Ford Motor Company have been publishing results of materials analyses which were obtained using ambient temperature or cryomicrotomy as one of the sample preparation techniques. Generally two types of sectioning, thin and ultrathin, were pursued for light-optical and e…
In semicrystalline (SC) polymers, the mechanical and dielectric loss spectra generally show (at least) one absorption peak between the melting temperature Tm, of the crystalline phase [1–14] and the glass transition temperature Tg, of the amorphous phase. The first peak just below Tm, is called αc its amplitude increa…
Multilayer optical coatings which heated and defogged the substrate, provided permeation barriers to water and air, and controlled emittance have been developed. All coatings were deposited by reactive dc and rf magnetron sputtering, and the polymer multilayer process being developed at Pacific Northwest National Labo…
A micromechanics study is made of the rate-dependent thermal softening behavior of a tungsten matrix composite containing glassy particles. Under adiabatic compression of the composite, the elastic glassy particles thermally soften at relatively high strains, enhancing the thermal softening of the tungsten-based compo…