Materials Literature
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The potential of nonlinear conductivity spectroscopy for obtaining new information on the hopping dynamics of mobile charge carriers in disordered materials is analyzed from a theoretical as well as from an experimental point of view. The nonlinear conductivity spectra of simple hopping models are calculated by means…
The crystal structure of a rational approximant of an unprecedented dodecagonal quasicrystal is reported. The atomic arrangement of the tantalum-rich telluride Ta(97)Te(60) has been determined from 30 458 symmetrically independent X-ray intensities of a crystal twinned by metric merohedry: a=2767.2(2), b=2767.2(2), c=…
The application of the finite element method to model the deformation of metals at the mesoscale to study the microstructure and texture evolution is described. The finite element discretization is applied directly to the various grains, and crystal plasticity is used as the constitutive basis to model the plastic def…
Shape memory alloys (SMA) show very complicated thermomechanical behavior due to phase transformations and rearrangements, including large bounding hysteretic stress-strain loops as well as their inner loops. In our previous analyses, incorporating the phase interaction energy function (PIEF) as a dissipation potentia…
Effects of Oxygen and Substrate Temperature on Properties of Amorphous Carbon Films Fabricated by Plasma-Assisted Pulsed Laser Deposition Method, Ono, Tomoyuki, Suda, Yoshiyuki, Akazawa, Masamichi, Sakai, Yosuke, Suzuki, Kaoru
Magnetostrictive materials have not changed greatly from their discovery by Joule in 1842 through the 1960's. Their saturation strains remained small and their magnetomechanical couplings were only moderate. The separation of the rare earth elements during World War II and the subsequent measurement of their magnetic…
Carbon nanomaterials were prepared by a new cavity arc jet method under open-air conditions. The cavity arc jet was an electric arc plasma jet spouted from the narrow cavity formed by sandwiching a thin insulator with a partial notch between two graphite electrodes. The soot was obtained by quick cooling of the carbon…
High vacuum electron-beam co-evaporation, followed by N2 annealing at 500 °C is used for preparing of silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) embedded in Al2O3 dielectric matrix. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy are used to investigate the structures of Si+Al2O3 films and estimate the mean diameter of the…
The magnetic, electric, and thermal transport properties of the single-crystal ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ perovskites have been investigated in the compositional region $0.48<~x<~0.57.$ The end compositions are characterized as ideal examples of the ferromagnetic ${(T}_…
A characterization of the electrical and thermal properties of thermoelectric diode structures indicates that the figure of merit for thermal to electrical energy conversion is significantly enhanced in our devices over thermoelectric values. Enhancements are due to current injection and blockage of the ohmic return c…
The behavior of the bulk electrical resistivity of donor-doped BaTiO3 with the increase of donor concentration was investigated. A series of coarse-grained specimens with different donor concentrations were prepared by adjusting the oxygen partial pressure during sintering. Then they were heat treated in air for an ex…
The nature of oxide-supported metal catalysts may change in oxidizing conditions: Studies on the correlation between the Rh phase in the structure of the Rh/Al2O3 catalyst and the catalytic performance for the reduction of NO by H2 to N2 (on reduced, metallic sites) and N2O (on oxidized sites) reveal that the phases o…
The richness of spatial structures of the diblock copolymer melts is demonstrated by the minimization of a free-energy functional of nonlocal type. The total chain length and the interface thickness are key factors in determining the morphology of the system, in addition to the constant mean curvature surface ansatz.…
A new composite crystal cobaltite, [Ca 2 (Co 0.65 Cu 0.35 ) 2 O 4 ] 0.624 CoO 2 , has been synthesized and its thermoelectric properties below 300 K have been investigated. The compound consists of a CdI 2 -type CoO 2 conduction sheet and a quadruplicated rock-salt-type [Ca 2 (Co 0.65 Cu 0.35 ) 2 O 4 ] layer alternati…
We have studied luminescence spectrum and dynamics of Mn-doped CdS nanocrystals fabricated by sequential Cd+, S+, and Mn+ ion implantation into Al2O3 matrices. The photoluminescence (PL) due to the Mn2+ intra-3d transition is clearly observed near 570 nm in Mn-doped CdS nanocrystals. The PL excitation spectrum of the…
A system producing an optical pattern with a high spatial frequency at (lambda) equals 157 nm has been built to be used as a photoresist tool for the 157 nm lithography. In order to generate a test pattern with a high spatial frequency, two-beam interference was used to overcome the limits of existing mask-projection…
Lattice and magnetic properties are investigated for 3% Ru- and Cr-doped Nd 1/2 Ca 1/2 MnO 3 . The parent Nd 1/2 Ca 1/2 MnO 3 is a charge-ordered insulator ( T CO = 250 K). With decreasing temperature below ≈ 210 K, these compounds are separated into two perovskite phases, that is, the long- c and short- c phases. The…
We have studied electron-beam exposure of cobalt fluoride (CoF2) thin films by real-time high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and by electron energy-loss spectroscopy. We were able to remove fluorine completely from an irradiated area and retain metallic cobalt by exposing the area at low dose rate and ele…
The TiN(5 nm)/Al/TiN (5 nm) structure is fabricated by sequential sputtering for the diffusion barrier application against Cu diffusion. Al is used as an interlayer with an expectation that it will favor stuffing of TiN grain boundaries by reacting with O2 in the structure. In one phase of experiments, the upper TiN l…
Unterschiedlich katalytisch aktive Reaktionszentren auf getragenen Nanopartikeln konnten mithilfe von Molekülstrahltechniken und In-situ-Oberflächenschwingungsspektroskopie nachgewiesen werden. Am Beispiel der Methanolzersetzung an einem Pd-Modellträgerkatalysator (siehe Bild) wurde gezeigt, dass die konkurrierenden R…