Materials Literature
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The domain switching and rotation in barium titanate ceramics were evaluated by investigating the poling field dependence of the ferroelectric properties. The effect of domain clamping on the planar coupling factor and dielectric constant at the coercive field was confirmed in barium titanate ceramics as well as in th…
A chiral polyisocyanate, poly[6-{1-[(S)-(–)-2-methylbutyl]oxycarbonylamino}hexyl isocyanate], was synthesized using sodium diphenylmethanide and sodium naphthalenide as unidirectional and bidirectional initiators, respectively, via anionic polymerization in THF at –98°C. NaBPh4 as a common ion salt was used to produce…
We have studied the crystallization of sol-gel derived Pb(Zr 0.4 Ti 0.6 )O 3 [PZT(40/60)] thin films at 435 down to 420°C. The PZT(40/60) films were prepared at these temperatures on Pt/SiO 2 /Si substrates by a combination of diol-based solutions and modified film preparation processes. Various properties of the PZT(…
A feasible electrostatic corrector (ECO) is outlined and the principle of the electrostatic correction is elucidated by means of a light-optical analogue. The ECO compensates for the chromatic and the spherical aberration of charged-particle lenses and reduces the resolution limit of a special LVSEM (low-voltage scann…
Abstract— Several TFT‐LCD devices exhibiting high image quality have been developed and commercialized, overcoming the narrow viewing‐angle characteristics of conventional twisted‐nematic (TN) devices. Nevertheless, no single device dominates large‐sized TFT‐LCDs. In this paper, the product issues of existing LC devic…
Abstract The conversion of CO 2 into H + and is a relatively slow reaction. Hence, its kinetics may be rate determining in carbonate rock dissolution. Carbonic anhydrase (CA), which is widespread in nature, was used to catalyze the CO 2 conversion process in dissolution experiments of limestone and dolomite. It was fo…
Abstract A computer scanning procedure for the determination of total double‐bond concentration resulting from PVC degradation is described. It is fast, fully automated, and has a very high sensitivity (5 ppm of degraded monomer units). This high sensitivity makes possible the monitoring of discoloration on a very sma…
Metallized Teflon® fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) thermal control material on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is degrading in the space environment. Teflon® FEP insulation was retrieved during servicing missions, which occurred in 1993, 1997 and 1999. During the second servicing mission (SM2), the 5 mil alumini…
1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) is confirmed to be an effective crosslinking agent with sodium hypophosphate (SHP) catalyst for washing durability improvement of cotton fabrics treated with fluorocarbon resin. By FTIR analysis, hydroxyl groups (—OH) are confirmed as a water repellency agent, so the resin can…
Polypyrrole films were generated on high purity aluminum substrates under anodic polarization from aqueous electrolytes comprised of pyrrole and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The methods employed to characterize the polymer films included scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared and X-photoelectron…
The electronic structure of major intrinsic defects in SiO 2 and Si 3 N 4 was calculated by the MINDO/3 and the density-functional methods. The defects that are of interest from the standpoint of their ability to capture electrons or holes were considered; these centers include the three-and two-coordinated silicon at…
The crystal structures of natural F-bearing chondrodite [Mg 4.64 Fe 0.28 Mn 0.014 Ti 0.023 (Si 1.01 O 4 ) 2 F 1.02 OH 0.97 ] from the Tilley Foster mine (Brewster, New York), F-bearing titanian clinohumite [Mg 8.805 Fe 0.006 Ti 0.214 (Si 0.993 O 4 ) 4 F 0.484 OH 0.516 ] from Kukh-i-Lal (Tadjikistan) and F-free titania…
In order to use chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond films for electronic devices, it is necessary to establish technologies for producing diamond wafers with controlled quality. Most of existing diamond CVD systems are, however, designed primarily for laboratory use. To cross the technological gap between the comm…
Tin(IV) tetraphenylporphyrin perchlorate, Sn(IV)(tpp)(ClO 4 ) 2 , catalyses the efficient reaction of epoxides with acetone to give the corresponding 1,3-dioxolanes in good yields.
We have proposed the application of ZnO:X (X=Li,Ni,Al etc.) films in monolithic optical integrated circuits (OICs). [rf1] To realize the optical switching device, dielectric properties of ZnO:Li deposited on SiO 2 /p-Si were evaluated in detail. From the results of the frequency dependence of the dielectric permittivi…
We reformulate the coordinate transformation method for profiles represented by parametric equations. Numerically, the eigenvalue problem is solved by expanding both the electromagnetic field and the periodic coefficients of Maxwell's equations into Fourier series. For trapezoidal gratings, it is shown that the conver…
A novel method for preparing regular and highly interconnected macroporous poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds is presented. Scaffolds with pore sizes ranging from 50 to 300 μm were fabricated from a PLLA/1,4-dioxane/water ternary system via a thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) in the presence of small amounts…
Composite materials have been prepared using HDPE coming from wastes and spruce wood chips. These compositions with different contents in wood, exhibit improved properties when wood is preliminary heat treated in controlled atmosphere. Hence, properties such as flexural strength, resilience and adhesion between matrix…
A new aromatic polyazomethine with rotaxane architecture containing a blocking group in every structural unit has been synthesized by polycondensation of 3,6-diformyl-9-butyl carbazole with p,p′-diaminobiphenyl (benzidine)/β-cyclodextrin adduct. As compared with polymers obtained in the absence of β-cyclodextrin, this…
Model catalyst systems have been prepared by growth of small metal aggregates on thin well ordered oxide films of alumina and silica. These systems lend themselves to structural and morphological characterization via scanning probe microscopies and transmission electron microscopy and bridge to a certain extent the ma…