Materials Literature
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Commercially available powders with primary particle sizes of 10–100 nm (transition aluminas, Boehmites, and a commercially available silica dispersion) have been studied using three different instruments, a photocentrifuge (Horiba CAPA 700), photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS, Malvern Zetasizer 4), and an x-ray dis…
The formation of biodegradable hydrogels is reported based on enzymatic crosslinking reactions of modified polyaspartic acid. Poly(aspartic acid) polymers functionalized with aromatic groups were crosslinked in aqueous solution via peroxidase with hydrogen peroxide to form hydrogels. The reaction products were charact…
A facile approach, based on the polyelectrolyte-mediated electrostatic adsorption of a water-soluble titania precursor, titanium (IV) bis (ammonium lactato) dihydroxide (TALH), is presented for the formation of multilayered thin films of defined thickness and composition. The thin films were formed by the alternate de…
The film thickness dependence of crystal growth is investigated for isotactic polystyrene (it-PS) in thin films for thicknesses from 20 down to 4 nm. The single crystals of it-PS grown at 180°C in the ultrathin films show a morphology typical of diffusion-controlled growth: dense branching morphology and fractal seawe…
Cast, segmented polyetherurethanes with 30 and 50% hard-segment content (HSC), respectively, were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Multi-phase segregation was observed in both samples on two levels (micro and nano) of structural organization. Spherulites with a promi…
The design goal of a thermoelectric (TE) device is to determine the optimum structure of the semiconductor thermoelements so as to meet the required specifications with a minimum cost. The cost usually consists of the construction costs of semiconductor materials and heat exchangers and the running cost of supplied el…
Five trinuclear complexes [M(bpca)(2)(M'(hfac)(2))(2)] (where MM'(2) = NiMn(2), CuMn(2), FeMn(2), NiFe(2), and FeFe(2); Hbpca = bis(2-pyridylcarbonyl)amine; and Hhfac = hexafluoroacetylacetone) were synthesized almost quantitatively by the reaction of [M(bpca)(2)] and [M'(hfac)(2)] in 1:2 molar ratio, and their struct…
We discuss the Raman scattering of thermally oxidized gallium selenide (GaSe) and indium selenide (InSe) single crystals. It has been established that the oxidation mechanisms of these compounds are rather different. For InSe, an increase of the oxidation temperature leads to the formation of (SeO 4 ) complexes. For G…
Hydroxy-terminated hyperbranched polyesters have been processed with sodium montmorillonite using water as a dispersant. Exfoliated composites were obtained at up to 10 wt % montmorillonite and successfully employed as precursors for glassy polyurethane nanocomposites. The figure is a TEM micrograph of a second pseudo…
The wetting and absorption dynamics of water droplets deposited on hydrophobized paper were studied. The objective was to quantify the effect of chemical and physical heterogeneity of a porous surface on its wetting and absorption behavior. Wetting and absorption rates were calculated from the contact angle, volume, a…
High modulus poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/layered silicate nanocomposites were prepared by employing a novel reactive compatibilizer, 10-[3,5-bis(methoxycarbonyl)phenoxy]decyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (IP10TP), which was designed to link the layered silicate to the PET matrix through covalent and ionic bonds.…
Surface properties of an assembled silver nanoparticle/ITO (AAgNP/ITO) electrode and an electrochemically roughened Ag electrode were studied by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. Methyl viologen (MV) and p-aminothiophenol (PATP) were used as the probing molecules. The electrochemical…
The length-fractionation of shortened (250 to 25 nm), zwitterion-functionalized, single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has been demonstrated via gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The UV-Vis spectrum of each fraction indicates an apparent "solubilization", as evident by the direct observation of all predicted optical…
Diatoms generate their cell walls by silica biomineralization. The cell walls are composed of silica and organic macromolecules and show a complex microscopic structure. Analysis of this structure by different atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques revealed an unexpected nanostructured granular surface. Silaffins, p…
Silica thin films with ordered porosity can be prepared by dip coating, combining polycondensation of silicate species and organization of amphiphilic mesophases. This paper reports on the preparation of templated films using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the surfactant and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the i…
Nanocomposites of conducting polyaniline (PAN) with inorganic Na + −montmorillonite (MMT) clay were synthesized by the emulsion polymerization method. The dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) was used for both dopant and emulsifier. Analyses of X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated that conducting PAN-DBSA was interca…
Spiders have captured the interest of scientists for many years because spider silks are among the toughest materials, having properties that surpass some man-made synthetic materials. Spinning recombinant silk to duplicate those properties has proved to be extremely difficult. This is the first known report of spinni…
The preparation of several acridone derivatives which have been shown to act as sensitizers for europium(III) luminescence at wavelengths longer than 400 nm is described. The efficiency of sensitization increases as the chromophore is held closer to the ion and the inner sphere hydration number of the ion lowered.
Reflux methods were used to prepare different metal cation (M: Cu 2+, Zn 2+, Ni 2+, Co 2+, Al 3+, or Mg 2+ ) doped manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (M−OMS-2) materials with cryptomelane structure. Thorough characterization has been carried out for these M−OMS-2 materials. SEM micrographs of M−OMS-2 materials…
Due to their technological importance, point defects in silicon are among the best studied physical systems. The experimental examination of point defects buried in bulk is difficult and evidence for the various defects usually indirect. Simulations of defects in silicon have been performed at various levels of sophis…