Mechanisms of giant optical nonlinearity in light-absorbing liquid crystals: a brief primer
Let us start with a very basic question that most students would ask when they first hear the terms “nonlinear optics ” or “optical nonlinearity”:
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An Experimental Electron Density Investigation of Squarate and Croconate Dianions
A comparative study of the structure and topography of charge density in the squarate and croconate dianions has been carried out on the basis of low-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements. Both the dianion rings exhibit a high degree of planarity with uniform C−C bond lengths and angles. The bond critical points…
Darstellung, spektroskopische Charakterisierung und Kristallstrukturen von Quecksilber(II)-bis(tetracyanoborat) Hg[B(CN)4]2 und Diquecksilber(I)-bis(tetracyanoborat) Hg2[B(CN)4]2Professor Dieter Naumann zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet
Die Reaktion von Hg(NO3)2 mit K[B(CN)4] führt zu Hg[B(CN)4]2 (1). Eine Komproportionierungsreaktion von 1 mit elementaren Quecksilber liefert das entsprechende Quecksilber(I)-Salz Hg2[B(CN)4]2 (2). Die Charakterisierung von 1 und 2 erfolgt anhand von Schwingungsspektren, 13C- und 11B-NMR-Spektren sowie der Auswertung…
Toward a new blood vessel
Strategies to treat atherosclerotic coronary artery disease include coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), in which grafts are used to bypass atherosclerotic vessels and restore blood flow to the ischemic myocardium. The grafts used include healthy arteries or veins harvested from a separate site. Results with arteri…
Probing Diffusional Transport in Redox-Active Dendrimers
The diffusion coefficients of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (generations 0−4) surface-modified with terpyridyl and bipyridyl ruthenium complexes were determined using cyclic voltammetry (CV), voltammetry at a rotating disk electrode (RDE), and pulsed field gradient spin−echo nuclear magnetic resonance (PFGSE-NMR).…
Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide (>1 wt%) over the Cathode Prepared from Active Carbon and Vapor-Grown-Carbon-Fiber by a New H2–O2 Fuel Cell System
Abstract A higher concentration of H2O2 solution (>1 wt%) was catalytically and directly synthesized from O2 and H2 over a [active carbon+vapor-grown-carbon-fiber] cathode by a new type of fuel cell system at 1 atm.
R-Curve Behavior of Dental Ceramic Materials
Some technical ceramics exhibit the R-curve effect, i.e., an increasing fracture resistance with crack extension which is a desirable material property because more energy is necessary to propagate a microscopic crack. The objective of this study was to prove whether dental ceramic materials exhibit R-curve behavior.…
Transitions between the B2phase and more usual smectic phases in binary systems of banana-shaped with calamitic mesogens
Three phase diagrams of binary systems are presented where one of the mixing components is a bent-core mesogen and the other is a calamitic mesogen. In two of these systems transitions between the ‘banana phase’ B2 and more usual smectic phases in the sequences B2-SmA, B2-SmC, B2-SmC-SmA, B2-SmC-SmA-N could be observe…
Comparative IR Study of Nitric Oxide Reactions with Sublimed Layers of Iron(II)− and Ruthenium(II)−meso-Tetraphenylporphyrinates
The interactions of nitric oxide gas with thin layers of Fe(II)(TPP) and Ru(II)(TPP), obtained by sublimation onto low-temperature substrate (77 K), has been investigated by means of IR spectroscopy (TPP = meso-tetraphenylporphyrinate). Only simple addition of NO to form Fe(TPP)(NO) is observed for the iron-porphyrin…
Charge Ordering in θ-(BEDT-TTF)2X Materials
We investigate theoretically charge ordered states on the anisotropic triangular lattice characteristic of the theta-(BEDT-TTF)_2 X materials. Using exact diagonalization studies, we establish that the charge order (CO) pattern corresponds to a ``horizontal'' stripe structure, with ...1100... CO along the two directio…
EBSD Spatial Resolution in the SEM when Analyzing Small Grains or Deformed Material
P Rolland, K Dicks, R Ravel-Chapuis; EBSD Spatial Resolution in the SEM when Analyzing Small Grains or Deformed Material, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol
Self-organized nanostructures of poly(4‐vinylpyridine), polyaniline and polyamides due to metal complexation
Comb-shaped supramolecules are constructed using flexible polymers and semi-rigid conjugated undoped or doped conjugated polymers upon complexing Zinc dodecyl benzene sulphonate, Zn(DBS)2. Selforganized nanostructures are formed in the bulk due to competing attractive interactions (coordination or water mediated hydro…
Neutronics Experiment of6Li-enriched Breeding Blanket with Li2TiO3/Be/F82H Assembly Using D-T Neutrons
To improve the nuclear performance of fusion breeding blankets, the application of thermal type blankets with 6Li-enriched ceramics and low-activation ferritic steel is suggested. However, appropriate neutronics experiments to investigate the nuclear performance of such blankets have never been carried out. Therefore,…
Interdiffusion at TiO 2 /Ti, TiO 2 /Ti 3 Al and TiO 2 /TiAl interfaces studied in bilayer structures
Abstract Early‐stage interfacial reactions were studied in three different heat‐treated oxide/metal bilayers (the oxide is amorphous (a) TiO 2 and the metal is crystalline (c) Ti, c‐Ti 3 Al or amorphous a‐TiAl) by means of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profiling. The oxide/metal bilayers were sputter deposit…
Formation of a polyetheramide triblock copolymer by reactive extrusion; process and properties
Abstract The synthesis of polyetheramide, containing poly(tetramethylene ether) (PTMEG) as the soft segment phase and polylactams as the hard phase was carried out in a Leistritz modular intermeshing counter‐rotating twin‐screw extruder in a one‐step, solvent‐free process. No by‐product such as carbon dioxide or H 2 O…
Reactive blending of poly(ethylene terephthalate)(pet)/ poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate)(pen). I: Effect of mixing conditions on chain structure
Abstract Reactive blending of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene naphthalene 2,6dicarboxylate) with addition of 2,2'‐bis(1,3‐oxazoline) (BOZ) has been studied under various mixing conditions for the different compositions. The transesterification level, the sequence length of both PET and PEN short blocks, and…
Quantitative analysis of the plasmon loss intensities in x‐ray photoelectron spectra of magnesium
Abstract X‐ray photoelectron spectra of free‐electron metals such as magnesium and aluminium contain pronounced electron energy‐loss peaks due to plasmon excitations. Part of the intensity contained in these plasmon peaks is of an intrinsic nature. In this work a procedure is presented that allows the determination of…
Rigorous coupled-wave analysis calculus of submicrometer interference pattern and resolving edge position versus signal-to-noise ratio
Universita¨t StuttgartInstitut fu¨r Technische OptikPfaffenwaldring 970569 Stuttgart, DeutschlandE-mail: tavrov@ito.uni-stuttgart.deAbstract. The signal-to-noise ratio required to obtain 10-nm accuracy inthe measurement of lateral position is studied with an interference mi-croscope. Evaluations are performed using th…
Spin-spin interaction of Dy3+ ions in KY(WO4)2
The spin-spin interaction of Dy3+ ions in a KY(WO4)2 single crystal is investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at a temperature of 4.2 K and a frequency of 9.2 GHz. The EPR spectra of ion pairs located in different coordination shells are analyzed. It is revealed that the considerable contri…
Thermodynamic modeling of the Ni–In system
Abstract The complete nickel-indium system was thermodynamically assessed at a total pressure of 1 bar from room temperature up to liquidus temperatures. The Gibbs energies of five condensed soluti...