Materials Literature
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Realgar from various locations, high-purity synthetic realgar, and synthetic realgar with 2 rnolo/o Sb were subjected to unfiltered sunlight, filtered sunlight, and filtered light from a quanz-rungsten-halogen lamp for various times. Both single-crystal and powder samples were used. All of the realgar transformed to p…
The current problems with decreasing fossile resources and increasing environmental pollution by petrochemical-based plastics have stimulated investigations to find biosynthetic materials which are also biodegradable. Bacterial reserve materials such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) have been discovered to possess therm…
In this paper an overview is given on the occurrence of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) in cyanobacteria and its possible role as a putative reserve compound. Comparisons are made with the function of other storage compounds that occur in cyanobacteria. For the cyanobacteria Oscillatoria limosa and Gloeothece sp. PCC 690…
Video polarization microscopy, optical diffraction, and digital image analysis have been employed to investigate the transformation of a well-ordered lamellar (``smectic'') domain phase of ferrimagnetic garnet films into a globally disordered, ``labyrinthine'' pattern. Surprisingly, in view of the presence of nonlocal…
The kinetics and mechanism of the synthesis and degradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in Alcaligenes eutrophus have been studied. PHA polymers were accumulated in the cells in nitrogen-free mineral media containing various carbon substrates, and the accumulated PHA polymers were subsequently degraded after the ca…
This article reports an attempt to develop a general constitutive theory governing the mechanical behavior of twisted short fiber structures, starting with a high twist case, so that the effect of fiber slippage during yarn extension can be ignored. A differential equation describing the stress transfer mechanism in a…
The probability that an Auger electron, generated at a certain depth in a semi-infinite target, escapes from the surface under a certain emission angle is described by the so-called depth distribution function. The exact solution for this depth distribution function has been found in the transport approximation, emplo…
A two-dimensional network of face-sharing FeO2E4 octahedrons (E = S, Se) interspersed with double layers of square E4O4 antiprisms, in whose centers lanthanum atoms are situated, is one description of the layers in the unusual structure of the Fe2La2O3E2 phases (see structure for E = Se on the right). Both the oxidesu…
The bacterial species Escherichia coli has proven to be a powerful tool in the molecular analysis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis. In addition, E. coli holds promise as a source for economical PHA production. Using this microorganism, clones have been developed in our laboratory which direct the synthesis o…
Beet molasses (BM) has proven to be an excellent feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production by Azotobacter vinelandii UWD. The substrate-cost for PHA production from BM in fed-batch culture was one-third of that using glucose. Copolymers containing β-hydroxyvalerate are readily formed in BM medium when valera…
Sixteen samples of standard insulating materials with electrodes were exposed to the full variety of the earth's space radiation belts on the CRRES (Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite) for 14 months. Spontaneous discharges were recorded for each sample and were compared to the radiation levels, which wer…
Abstract Neutron diffraction studies, especially with powders, play an important role in structural solid‐state chemistry, making possible the precise determination of the location of light atoms, particularly hydrogen, and enabling a distinction to be made between certain neighboring elements in the periodic table th…
The bacterial species Escherichia coli has proven to be a powerful tool in the molecular analysis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis. In addition, E. coli holds promise as a source for economical PHA production. Using this microorganism, clones have been developed in our laboratory which direct the synthesis o…
Spherical giant liposomes that had encapsulated skeletal-muscle G-actin were made by swelling a dried lipid mixture of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine/cardiolipin, 1:1 (wt/wt), in a solution of G-actin/CaCl2 at 0 degree C. Polymerization of the encapsulated G-actin into actin filaments was achieved by raising the temp…
In this paper I shall discuss some of the factors that are important in the large scale production by fermentation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate: poly-β-hydroxyvalerate (PHB/HV) copolymers. Many of the points discussed are common process features in any scale up procedure.
Abstract Single‐components or multicomponent oxide thin films are of interest for electronic and opto‐electronic devices, optical applications, catalysis, corrosion protection etc. Their preparation by chemical routes is based on the hydrolytic (sol‐gel process) or pyrolytic (MOCVD) conversion of precursors. Derivativ…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiphase structure of a segmented polyurethane: effects of temperature and annealingYingjie Li, Tong Gao, Jian Liu, Kung Linliu, C. Richard Desper, and Benjamin ChuCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 26, 7365–7372Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic effects of peripheral substituents in porphyrins: x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio self-consistent field calculationsPaul G. Gassman, Abhik Ghosh, and Jan AlmlofCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 25, 9990–10000Publication Date (Print):December 1…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface chemistry of colloidal gold: deposition of lead and accompanying optical effectsPaul Mulvaney, Michael Giersig, and Arnim HengleinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 25, 10419–10424Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 200…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMagnetic properties of mixed-valence heteropoly blues. Interactions within complexes containing paramagnetic atoms in various sites as well as "blue" electrons delocalized over polytungstate frameworksNieves Casan-Pastor and Louis C. W. BakerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992…