Materials Literature
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To overcome the disadvantages of glutaraldehyde (GA), new cross-linking reagents, polyepoxy compounds (PC), were introduced and their effects on the antigenicity and immunogenicity of biomaterials were investigated. In the qualitative study, antigenicity of type I collagen in bovine arteries treated with GA or glycero…
Glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized in Bombyx mori silk fibroin membrane by only physical treatment, i.e., stretching without any chemical reagents. This is due to the structural transition of the silk fibroin membrane from random coil to antiparallel beta-sheet (Silk II) induced by the stretching treatment. Permeab…
The nature of the low-temperature (T approximately=90 K) magnetic phase transition in cubic Laves-phase Ce(Fe 1-x Co x ) 2 compounds with x=0.15, 0.20 has been determined using powder neutron diffraction measurements. Below this temperature, ferromagnetism is replaced by an antiferromagnetic phase, which consists of (…
The use of surface charging of a thin dielectric film on a semiconductor during x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis has been investigated. The binding energy shifts measured from 1.5 nm SiO2/p-Si and 4 nm Si3N4/n-InP indicate that a positive surface potential can be induced by the loss of photoelectrons in the…
We report the observation of spin-polarized photoelectron diffraction for antiferromagnetic MnO(001). Data at kinetic energies near 100 eV for the spin-split Mn $3s$ multiplet show abrupt changes in the $^{5}S:^{7}S$ intensity ratio at a temperature of 530\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20 K that is 4.5 times the N\'eel t…
Major progress has been made in understanding the complicated magnetic structures exhibited by dhcp neodymium metal. New evidence for the 2-q model of the structure between 19.1 and 9 K has been discovered in neutron-diffraction studies of intermodulation harmonics of the type $2{\mathrm{q}}_{i}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm…
Abstract Compounds of natural rubber, styrene‐butadiene rubber, and butadiene rubber are vulcanized at different temperatures and the crosslink density and physical properties of the vulcanizates are compared. It is found that for each compound there is an optimum vulcanization temperature which results in the best co…
Abstract A heretofore uninvestigated approach to the production of cellulose acetate, the acetylation of whole wood pulp with subsequent isolation of the cellulose derivative by differential solubility, is described. The mechanical pulp used was produced by refining aspen wood chips with a disc refiner. Two convention…
Abstract Light‐induced yellowing of extruded rigid poly(vinyl chloride) formulations containing 0, 2.5, and 5 phr of titanium dioxide under exposure to monochromatic light was studied. Both photoyellowing and photobleaching were observed as wavelength‐dependent phenomena in the range of 280–500 nm. Action spectra for…
Abstract Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was reinforced with different wood fibers, aspen chemithermomechanical pulp (bleached and unbleached), and other commerical wood pulps. Silane coupling agents A‐172, A‐174, A‐1100, and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate were used to improve the bonding between the fibe…
The fabrication of a miniature low power/high voltage thermoelectric convertor is described. The device which has arisen out of a requirement of the British gas industry for an autonomous source of electrical power for use in consumers' gas monitoring systems, generates fractions of a microwatt at several volts.
A phenomenological theory has been used to calculate the minimum thermal conductivity for 17 alkali halides with the NaCl structure in the temperature range 1-1200 K. The shortest mean free path has been chosen to be either the nearest-neighbour distance or the phonon wavelength. The calculations show that minimum the…
Grain boundary strengths are estimated experimentally for various Al2O3 structures. It turns out that grain boundary strength at room temperature is strongly affected by viscose relaxation processes proceeding during cooling the sintered structures. The results are used to discuss associated macroscopic mechanical pro…
Accurate dispersion relations have been used for the first time in a calculation of the volume dependence of the thermal conductivity in 16 alkali halides with the NaCl structure. Phonon dispersion relations have been calculated throughout the whole first Brillouin zone for different values of the lattice constant. Th…
Dielectric properties of ferroelectric Pb(Fe 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 ceramics prepared using alkoxides were measured in the temperature 30-150 degrees C. The permittivity shows a broad maximum at the transition temperature T t and quadratic temperature dependence at temperatures above T t . The well saturated polarisation-ele…
Results are reported for the magnetic transitions in quasi-binary CeFe2 alloys with substitutions of Al or Mn on the Fe sites and substitutions of Y or U on the Ce sites. The transitions have been studied by magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistance measurements, and comparisons are made with previous work inv…
The influence of growth temperature on the interfacial abruptness of strained Ge layers, a few monolayers thick, embedded in Si has been studied using Raman spectroscopy to identify the presence of GeGe and GeSi bonds and medium energy ion scattering to characterize the spatial extent of the layers. Atomically sharp i…
Magnetoelastic measurements are performed in metallic glasses of composition (Fe0.79Co0.21)75+x. Si15−1.4xB10+0.4x (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) by means of the resonance-antiresonance method. High values of k (magnetoelastic coupling coefficient) and of the ΔY effect are observed in some compositions, reaching 0.7 for k an…
We report on experimental evidence of the important role of phonon broadening in very small CdSSe crystallites. At low temperature, spectral hole burning is observed. These results are in agreement with the special conditions of quantum confinement and with the polar character of this semiconductor.
Synthetic diamonds that are grown using nickel or a nickel alloy as the solvent-catalyst contain 1.40 eV centres which are strongly segregated in the (111) growth sectors. Absorption and cathodoluminescence measurements made using polarising optics show that the dipole moment of the centre is preferentially aligned wi…