Materials Literature
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The stress dependence of the Raman bands of β‐silicon nitride,β‐Si 3 N 4 , has been investigated. In the stress range examined (from‐200 to +200 MPa), low‐frequency shift bands (namely the 183, 205, and 226 cm −1 lines) do not show any frequency change with the stress, whereas the high‐frequency shift bands (862, 925,…
The optical properties and temperature-dependent concentration quenching of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ fluorescence have been investigated in fluorophosphate glasses with different fluorine to oxygen ratios by using steady-state and time-resolved laser spectroscopy. Judd-Ofelt parameters were derived from the absorption spe…
The refinement of electron-density distributions for non-centrosymmetric crystals from X-ray diffraction data may lead to a very good fit between model and data but to totally meaningless electron densities. This is to a large extent because varying certain parameters, or combination of parameters, in the model mainly…
Vacuum-deposited poly(chloro-p-xylylene), or parylene C, can be used for corrosion protection of cold-rolled steel (CRS) through interface engineering. Interface engineering replaces galvanizing, zinc phosphating, and cathodic electrocoating (E-coating). Parylene C polymer has excellent bulk properties, including its…
Electromigration has been investigated using both drift velocity and resistance techniques in pure Al, Al(Cu), pure Cu, Cu(Mg), Cu(Zr), and Cu(Sn) isolated lines overlapping W studs (vias between metallization levels), or lines overlaying a W underlayer line. The phenomenon of void growth was investigated in sections…
Mechanical properties of Nicalon‐fiber‐reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites were evaluated, in flexure, at various temperatures ranging from ambient to 1300°C. First matrix cracking stress ranged from 250 to 280 MPa and was relatively insensitive to test temperature. The measured ultimate strength showed a sma…
Because of the tremendous information content, single-molecule detection with a vibrational spectroscopic technique is a goal well worth pursuing. The vibrational technique most suitable for single-molecule detection is surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). For example, Kneipp et al. recently demonstrated detect…
There are large variations in the properties of sputtered under different conditions and two samples sputtered from an oxide target and reactively sputtered from a metal target were compared in detail. The thin film sputtered from an oxide target was found to color and bleach rapidly in 1 M in propylene carbonate, whi…
Human procathepsin S was produced in the form of insoluble inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli using an inducible T7-based expression system. After cell disruption, the dissolved inclusion body proteins were S-sulphonated with 2-nitro-5-thiosulphobenzoate and purified by gel filtration. Recombinant procathepsin S was…
We describe a transformation system for extremely thermophilic archaea of the genus Sulfolobus in the kingdom Crenarchaeota. We have constructed in vitro a recombinant derivative of the recently described conjugative plasmid pNOB8, containing a beta-galactosidase gene downstream of a strong promotor. Transformation of…
Abstract The purity and reactivity of trimethylene carbonate (TMC, 1,3‐dioxan‐2‐one) depends largely on the purification procedure. Vacuum distillation and recrystallization from CCl 4 are less efficient than recrystallization from tetrahydrofuran (THF) or ethyl acetate (EtAc). TMC recrystallized from CCl 4 contains b…
Work and heat production of white myotomal muscle fibres from dogfish were measured during sinusoidal movement (0.71-5.0 Hz) at 12 C. Stimulus phase (stimulus timing relative to movement) and duty cycle (stimulus duration as a fraction of movement cycle duration) were varied to determine the parameters optimal for pow…
Abstract The synthesis and the application of graft copolymers prepared from ozonized polyethylene (HDPE) are described. The homopolymer was treated with ozone and then copolymerized with monomers, such as methyl methacrylate, hydroxy ethyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, maleic anhydride, and ethyl acrylate. The…
During the development and formulation screening for a lyophilized dosage form, one of the most important characteristic of the amorphous lyophilized solid that is usually not considered is its glass transition temperature. The knowledge of Tg for various formulations becomes especially important during the initial st…
The dynamics of crystalline glycerol are studied by means of Raman spectroscopy and lattice dynamics calculations employing a semiflexible model to represent the low-lying molecular vibrations. The latter is validated against structural, thermodynamic, and spectroscopic data. The results serve to set an absolute frequ…
Molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out in order to clarify the structural and hydrogen bond network differences among high density amorphous ice (HDA), low density amorphous ice (LDA), and hexagonal ice (ice ${\mathit{I}}_{\mathit{h}}$). Ice ${\mathit{I}}_{\mathit{h}}$ is transformed to HDA at 1.27 GPa a…
Lattice dislocations within the grains of an experimental SrTiO3 internal boundary layer capacitor have been studied using weak-beam transmission electron microscopy and conventional two-beam imaging. The resulting images have been compared with simulated images for various possible models of dislocations in perovskit…
The structure and mechanical properties of melt-pressed sheets of bacterially produced poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHB/HV) filled with various amounts of particulate maize starch granules have been investigated. The experimental methods included stress–strain measureme…
Summary Both P and Al MAS NMR spectra of samples of excessively fertilized sandy soil provided information about the P and Al speciation. Peak deconvolution was used to interpret reliably and quantitatively the 31 P NMR spectra recorded. Most of the P was found to be associated with Al. Part of the P exhibited a chemi…
A metallic phase of carbon, metastable at terapascal pressure, has been discovered by means of first-principles computer simulations. The simulation shows that, upon fast compression, diamond survives in a metastable state up to about 3 TPa, where it collapses into a metallic sixfold coordinated structure, named SC4.…