Materials Literature
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Abstract The thermally-induced dehydroxylation and transformations of the 2:1 phyllosilicate pyrophyllite have been studied using infrared spectroscopy in the frequency range 350–11000 cm −1 and the temperature range 200–1500°C. The dehydroxylation of pyrophyllite to pyrophyllite dehydroxylate occurs between 500 and 9…
To investigate the fundamental aspects of vacancy ordering in oxygen‐transporting ceramic membranes, we have performed atomic resolution analysis of individual domains in brownmillerite‐type SrCoO 3−δ . Electron energy loss spectroscopy indicates that the Co valence state in adjacent planes can be 2+ and 4+. This char…
We report the reduction of surface reflection losses in zinc germanium phosphide (ZnGeP2, or ZGP) crystals by fabricating an antireflection (AR) structure in the substrate itself using subwavelength motheye surface patterns. The motheye AR patterning works by creating a region of gradually varying effective refractive…
Synchrotron micro-XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) spectroscopy (SmX) was used to measure Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ distribution among minerals in standard thin sections with an X-ray beam size of 10 ¥ 15 mm. Measurements were made at beamline X26a, National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Lab. Samples…
Hydrogenated amorphous carbon and carbon nitride films (a-C1−xNx:H) have been synthesized from methane, acetylene, or acetylene–nitrogen precursor gases using a high density electron cyclotron resonance plasma. The deposition and etching rates, along with the film stoichiometry, density, Raman signature of the sp2 pha…
Valve morphogenesis in Proboscia alata Sundstrom was followed in living cells and during treatment with antiactin and antimicrotubule drugs. Once cleaved, sibling cells rounded up and retracted. Soon, a granular organizing center (OC) appeared adjacent to the stub of the initiated valve. Silicification started within…
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dextran-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide ferumoxtran-10 (Combidex) is used in reticuloendothelial MR imaging. Our purpose was to determine the optimal dose and imaging time for lymph node evaluation. MATERIALS: Twenty-four healthy volunteers underwent neck MR imaging before and 6,…
Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) hydrogel being a material of natural origin, combines the properties of a polymer, which make up the network, with biodegradability. In this report the effects of high energy radiation on the ether of cellulose-HPC are presented. The polymer irradiated in its solid state or in dilute aqueo…
The formation of γ‐AlON from Al 2 O 3 and AlN was investigated as a function of some of the reaction parameters, that is, temperature and time. The appearance of phases was followed in conjunction with the change in lattice parameter to reveal the reaction sequences of formation. An oxygen‐rich γ‐AlON phase formed fir…
The crystal structures of bismutite, Bi2(CO3)O2, a 3.865(2), b 3.862(2), c 13.675(6) Å, V 204.1(2) Å3, space group Imm2, Z = 2, and beyerite, CaBi2(CO3)2O2, a 3.7729(5), b 3.7742(7), c 21.726(4) Å, V 309.4(1) Å3, space group Immm, Z = 2, have been refined to R indices of 0.0206 and 0.0145 on the basis of 184 and 258 u…
A four-pad 3ω method was developed for determining the thermal conductivity of bulk and thin film materials. The heat conduction in the sample geometry was investigated by numerical simulation employing the finite volume technique. As a result, the conditions (i.e., sample geometry, frequency range) can be predicted w…
New poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/layered silicate nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by simple melt extrusion of PBS and octadecylammonium modified montmorillonite (C18-mmt) at 150 degrees C. The d-spacing of both C18-mmt and intercalated nanocomposites was investigated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction an…
Liquid n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, and n-hexadecane formed tiny symmetrical droplets on a partially wettable cylindrical fiber. When a temperature gradient was created along the fiber, the droplets began to move along the fiber toward the cold region. An explanation of the phenomenon is related to the thermocapi…
The characteristics of an end-member formula are defined as follows: (1) the chemical formula must be fixed; no variable chemical components are possible; (2) the end-member formula must be compatible with the crystal structure of the mineral (or putative mineral); (3) the chemical composition at each site in the crys…
In this paper the formation and annihilation of defects produced in Si nanocrystals (nc) by ion-beam irradiation are investigated in detail. The luminescence properties of Si nanocrystals embedded in a ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ matrix were used as a probe of the damaging effects generated by high-energy ion-beam irradiatio…
A novel concept is proposed: the use of shape memory alloy (SMA) to reduce panel thermal deflection and flutter responses. SMA has a unique ability to recover large pre-strains completely when the alloy is heated above the austenite finish temperature A f . The transformation austenite start temperature A s for nitino…
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are ideal systems for investigating fundamental properties in one-dimensional electronic systems and have the potential to revolutionize many aspects of nano/molecular electronics. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used to characterize the atomic structure and tunnelin…
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: An important characteristic of targeted contrast agents is how they are tolerated in a biologic environment and their localization in the surrounding tissues in addition to target tissue. We evaluate the biodistribution of a gadolinium Gd 153-folate-dendrimer in high affinity folate-receptor…
In this contribution we introduce a new apparatus combining high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy and supersonic molecular beam techniques designed to follow simple surface reactions like adsorption, desorption or oxidation in situ in a time- and temperature-resolved manner. Using high brightness synchrotron radi…
Cyclic polarization (CYP) experiments were performed on reinforcing steel bars of various surface finishes in chloride-containing alkaline solutions (pH 11.6 ~ 13.6). Pitting initiation was observed at potentials below the oxygen evolution potential (EOE) when the solution [Cl–]/[OH–] ratio (CR) was high enough. The p…