Materials Literature
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In 1987, in the city of Goiânia, Brazil, occurred one of the worst radiological accidents ever reported. The remains of 137Cs contamination in a terrain where part of a radiotherapy unit had been manipulated in 1987 were measured in 1999-2000, and some of the results are presented here. Using the technique of gamma ra…
The molecular and supermolecular orientation, morphology and structural changes observed during cold drawing of injection moulded isotactic polypropylene modified by specific α, and β nucleating agents were studied by polarised photoacoustic FTIR spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning cal…
Despite the fact that polymer crystallization has been the object of intense research, this process is far from being fully understood. Traditional polymer crystallization studies using X-ray scattering techniques mainly provide information about the ordered regions. To obtain a more complete information about the tim…
Research on the plutonium rock-like oxide (ROX) fuels and their once-through burning in light water reactors has been performed to establish an option for utilizing and disposing effectively the excess plutonium. The ROX fuel is a sort of the inert matrix fuels and consists of mineral-like compounds such as yttria sta…
The objectives of this study are to provide some rare unfolded grain size distribution data for the sintering of alumina and to test for time invariance of the normalized grain size distribution as required by normal grain growth. The results show that ln ς doubled during the sintering times studied. The changes in th…
Abstract Natural rubber composites were prepared by the incorporation of different lead concentration, namely: 100, 300, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 phr to be used as gamma radiation shields. A non‐linear dependence of the attenuation coefficient upon the lead concentration was observed for both 60 Co and 137 Cs as gamma…
Abstract Nitrous oxide (NO) adsorption and the CO + NO reaction have been investigated on bulk and alumina‐supported Pd catalysts by XPS at various temperatures between 25 and 300°C with P NO in the 0.5–5.0 (×10 −2 ) atm range and P CO = 5 × 10 −3 atm. A catalytic reactor settled in the preparation chamber coupled to…
Abstract In situ scanning tunnelling microscopy measurements of the localized corrosion of Ni(111) surfaces passivated in a chloride‐free sulphuric acid solution and subsequently exposed to chloride (0.05 M ) are reported. The results support the deterministic role of the structure of the passivated surface on the dis…
Abstract The influence of repeated freeze–thawing on pore structural characteristics and physical properties of porous silk fibroin materials prepared by freeze drying were studied. It showed that when quick‐frozen silk fibroin solution was repeatedly thawed and frozen before being vacuum dried, thus pore size of prep…
Abstract The occurrence of kerolite in association with various secondary Ca-Mg carbonate mineral deposits (speleothems) was identified in basaltic sea caves on the island of Kauai, Hawaii. Kerolite is the dominant clay mineral in the deposits. X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks of the kerolite are characteristically broad…
A new phase of ZrGeO 4 was hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of ZrOCl 2 solution and GeO 2 powder at 240°C. X‐ray diffractometry patterns of synthesized ZrGeO 4 particles, which had better crystallinity than ZrSiO 4 particles prepared by the same process from ZrOCl 2 and tetraethoxysilane, could be indexed for…
In the present study, trigger mechanisms of the vapor explosion are experimentally investigated. The interfacial behavior between high temperature molten liquid and low temperature water are experimentally investigated by using a molten material droplet and external pressure pulse. As the results, it is indicated that…
The infrared (IR) spectra of small clusters of atoms ([MM'(OH) 2 ] and [MM'(OH) 2 (H 2 O) 6 ], where M, M' = Al 3+ , Mg 2+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ ) mimicking the environment of the OH group in dioctahedral phyllosilicates have been modeled using ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. These modeling results are relevant t…
Gallium lanthanum sulphide (Ga:La:S) optical glass is an interesting material for both fiber and planar technologies, as it offers possibilities for a wide array of devices suitable for use in both nonlinear applications and as IR lasers. Direct laser writing into this glass has yielded low-loss single-mode channel wa…
Linear and nonlinear optical properties of cobalt-doped magnesium aluminosilicate transparent glass ceramics that were prepared under different conditions have been studied. It has been shown that absorption and luminescence spectra and absorption bleaching of these glass ceramics are defined mainly by tetrahedrally c…
A dual-layer, thick (∼70 nm) vapor-deposited Ag substrate has been developed that gives enhancement factors on the order of 10 4 for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) experiments. This substrate has a total thickness of ∼ 70 nm but also has an outermost surface morphology that approximates that of a thin Ag isl…
Amphora angusta Gregory, Amphora ventricosa Gregory and Amphora macilenta Gregory have been misunderstood for the last 140 years. Gregory described these species from sublittoral sediments off the west coast of Scotland. Although the illustrations were excellent for their time (1857), it is impossible to be confident…
Cellulosic fabrics of various constructions and fiber compositions are treated with cellulases under pad-batch conditions. All treated fabrics exhibit commercially significant improvements in dimensional stability after subsequent washing and drying cycles. The enzyme treatments are optimized in terms of cellulase con…
The preparation of transmission electron microscope (TEM) thin foil specimens from metal alloys containing cracks is usually thwarted by the difficulty in preventing preferential erosion of material along the flanks and at the tips of cracks. Recent developments in focused ion beam (FIB) micromachining methods have th…
Sodium silicate was utilized to obtain a SiO 2 coating on ZnO particles to prevent a photocatalytic reaction between ZnO and phenol. During the coating process, pH control is important to avoid dissolution of the ZnO as well as to obtain a good dispersion. Two kinds of polyelectrolyte dispersants were used to control…