Materials Literature
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Patterns of epilithic algal colonization on artificial substrata (unglazed ceramic tiles) were investigated from 23rd April to 3rd July 1999 at weekly intervals over a 10 weeks period outside and inside the mesocosm in Togyo reservoir within the Civilian Passage Restriction Line near Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) in Korea.…
Electrodialysis was used for lactic acid recovery from fermentation broth. In the first step, lactate was recovered and concentrated by desalting electrodialysis, and the second step was electroconversion of lactate to lactic acid by water-splitting electrodialysis. The final lactic acid concentration of 151 g/l was o…
The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by NH 3 in the presence of O 2 has been studied by operando DRIFT spectroscopy on four Cu-faujasite catalysts, Cu(0.12)Na−FAU, Cu(0.14)H−FAU, Cu(0.16)Ba−FAU, and Cu(0.38)Na−FAU. From steady-state SCR activity at 523, 623, and 723 K with NO/NH 3 /O 2 /He (0.2/0.2/3.0/96.6,…
Radiation scattered from diffraction gratings on the surface of waveguides is analyzed using the volume current method. This technique allows the interpretation of the grating elements as scattering centers of the underlying waveguide mode, and radiating sources for the diffracted fields. The framework allows separati…
The surface core-level shifts of Al(111) and Al(100) have been measured using high-resolution core-level photoemission spectroscopy and calculated using density functional theory (DFT). For Al(100), the $2p$ core-level shift of the first (second) layer was determined to be $\ensuremath{-}75\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\…
A new practical method for real-time insulation diagnosis of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) has been developed and introduced. A notable technique, which takes the output ratio of a symmetric ultra-high-frequency (UHF) sensor (e.g., a loop electrode) to an asymmetric one (e.g., a conical coupler), makes it possible to…
We report here the first electrochemical methods to prepare elemental Au0-coated TiO2 nanoparticles with controllable coverages. First, Au substrates were cycled in a deoxygenated aqueous solution containing 0.1 N HCl and 1 mM TiO2 nanoparticles from -0.28 to +1.22 V versus Ag/AgCl at 500 mV/s with different numbers o…
Experimental 103Rh NMR chemical shifts of mono- and binuclear rhodium(I) complexes containing s- or as-hydroindacenide and indacenediide bridging ligands with different ancillary ligands (1,5-cyclooctadiene, ethylene, carbonyl) are presented. A protocol, based on density functional theory calculations, was established…
We have systematically investigated the structural, magnetic, and transport properties of the ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ce}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ $(0\ensuremath{\leqslant}x\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.35)$ system as a function of temperature and magnetic field. For $x\ensuremath{\geqslant}0.10$, the syste…
Phonon modes in spherical silicon germanium alloy $(\text{SiGe})$ nanocrystals containing up to 1147 atoms $(3.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{nm})$ have been investigated as a function of the $\text{Si}$ concentration. Microscopic details of phonon modes, including phonon frequencies and vibrational amplitudes, pho…
Recent studies of finite-size effects in charge-density wave conductors are reviewed. Various manifestations of finite-size effects, including the transverse-size dependence of the nonlinear-conduction threshold field, the Peierls transition temperature, high-frequency conduction, and the relaxation rates of metastabl…
The transport behavior of ${\text{La}}_{0.8}{\text{Ca}}_{0.2}{\text{MnO}}_{3}$ thin films with Curie temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$ at $\ensuremath{\sim}286\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ has been investigated under various applied currents in the absence of magnetic field. An unusual current-induced electrores…
This paper deals with area minimization of power network for very large-scale integration designs. A new algorithm based on efficient nonlinear programming techniques is presented to solve this problem. During the optimization, a penalty method, conjugate gradient method, circuit sensitivity analysis, and merging adjo…
Recent measurements show that the free surfaces of liquid metals and alloys are always layered, regardless of composition and surface tension; a result supported by three decades of simulations and theory. Recent theoretical work claims, however, that at low enough temperatures the free surfaces of all liquids should…
The phase transformation in chalcogenide-based nonvolatile memories is studied by cell electrical characterization. The cell state (amorphous, crystalline, or mixed) is changed by applying electrical pulses, then the cell resistance R and the current-voltage characteristics are measured. From the analysis of the elect…
In a number of studies it has been shown that single-wall carbon nanotube crystals undergo phase transformations and shape changes as a function of nanotube radius and hydrostatic compression. When large radius nanotubes form a crystal, the circular tube cross section deforms to a hexagonal shape, while under hydrosta…
We present here a general theoretical procedure to treat the problem of electron delocalization and magnetic interactions in high-nuclearity mixed valence clusters based on polyoxometalates. The main interactions between the delocalized electrons of mixed-valence polyoxometalate anions are extracted from valence spect…
Oligophenylenevinylene (OPV) tetracarboxylate luminescent ligand 5 has been synthesized and used for the design of a new Ni(II) layered organic−inorganic compound ( 8 ) obtained by the reaction of 5 with nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate. The hybrid compound 8 has been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and its ma…
Submicrometer-gate (0.2-0.5-μm) diamond metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MISFETs) were fabricated on an H-terminated diamond surface. The maximum transconductance in dc mode reaches 165 mS/mm, while the average transconductance is 70 mS/mm in submicrometer-gate diamond MISFETs. The highest cutof…
A novel metal supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell has been developed, capable of operating at temperatures of 500-600°C. The rationale behind the materials used to construct this fuel cell type is given, and results presented from cell and short stack testing, including durability and thermal cycling trials. This new fuel…