Materials Literature
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The recent reformulation of the coupled-wave method by Lalanne and Morris [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A13, 779 ( 1996)] and by Granet and Guizal [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A13, 1019 ( 1996)], which dramatically improves the convergence of the method for metallic gratings in TM polarization, is given a firm mathematical foundation in t…
An investigation was made of the relationships governing the cumulative effect in optical damage to lead silicate glasses under irradiation conditions such that multiphoton excitation and coloration were detected reliably in experiments based on changes in the transmission and on the formation of colour centre tracks.…
A review is given of crystallographic, magnetic and electric properties of lanthanum manganites and related materials with a giant magnetoresistance (GMR). An analysis of experimental data for partially substituted manganites shows that if the spontaneous magnetic moment is unsaturated, the material is being in a phas…
Checklist of useful features. Illustrated guide to cell shapes and measurements, chloroplast features and colony types. Preliminary key. Genera included in subsequent group keys. Keys to species within groups. Generic accounts with ecological notes on species in this key.
Exciton effects on conjugated polymers and the resulting optical nonlinearities are investigated in soliton lattice systems. The magnitude of the THG at the 10 percent doping increases by the factor about 10^2 from that of the neutral system. The huge increase by the order two is common for several choices of Coulomb…
The authors report the fabrication of an electroluminescent MOS device using microclustered silicon in silica as the active layer. A DC electroluminescence spectrum is shown and compared with photoluminescence from the same material. A current-voltage curve is presented which shows weak rectifying behaviour and is con…
In this paper, the blends of the carbon dioxide copolymer, poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), with nitrile rubber (NBR) were studied by DSC, DMA, TEM and TG. PPC can enhance the mechanical properties of NBR, while oil resistance and tensile set at break of NBR/PPC systems were as good as that of NBR. The coagent of tria…
Graft polymerization of vinyl monomers was made onto some natural and synthetic textile fibers that were pretreated by glow discharge plasmas. Among the monomers investigated, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) produced the most improved grafting effects. Effects of plasma gas source, exposing time of glow discharge,…
Polyisoprene was vulcanized with N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole sulfenamide (CBS), sulfur, and zinc oxide by heating in a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) at a programmed rate to given temperatures. The reaction was quenched and the product analyzed. Soluble curatives and reaction intermediates were analyzed by high…
In this study, poly(DL-lactide)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PDLLA/PEG) copolymers were synthesized. First, PDLLA homopolymers with three different molecular weights (Mwn: 7,300, 12,100 and 21,900) were synthesized by the ring opening polymerization of the dimer (i.e., DL-lactide) by using stannous chloride as catalyst. Ave…
Liquid NaSn alloys in five different compositions (20, 40, 50, 57 and 80% sodium) are studied using density functional calculations combined with molecular dynamics(Car-Parrinello method). The frequency-dependent electric conductivities for the systems are calculated by means of the Kubo-Greenwood formula. The extrapo…
Auger spectra of xenon in the energy regions of 0 to 100 eV (NOO, NNO, NNN, MMN, LLN) and 250 to 550 eV emitted upon creation of single vacancies in N, M, or L shell are calculated by straightforward construction of de-excitation trees of vacancy cascades. Strong dependence of the shapes of the cascade-affected spectr…
A systematic study of the size dependence of the photoluminescence spectra of Si quantum nanocrystals in the SiO2 matrix has been performed. The results have been fitted to a quantum-confinement model that includes the nanocrystal size dispersion rather than a specific size of the nanocrystal. This, in conjunction wit…
In this letter we describe a method for producing large areas of Si(001) surfaces which are (i) free of atomic steps and (ii) arranged in regular patterns on the wafer. The first step is the fabrication of a two-dimensional grating structure using e-beam lithography and reactive ion etching. This grating is then annea…
Bulk melts of semiconducting pure Ge and dilute Ge-based systems were processed in a containerless state. Velocities of free crystal growth have been measured directly as a function of undercooling. The analysis within current theories of dendrite growth allows the identification of the growth mode, either edgewise or…
Voltage shift and deformation in the hysteresis loop of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) capacitors have been studied by varying the annealing temperature after patterning the top sputter-deposited Pt electrode using reactive ion etch (RIE) with Ar gas. It was observed that the hysteresis loop of the film was seriously deformed by b…
The results of a systematic ultrahigh resolution ultraviolet photoemission study of the electronic structure of stable icosahedral alloys ${\mathrm{Al}}_{64}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{24}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{12}$, ${\mathrm{Al}}_{65}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{20}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{15}$, ${\mathrm{Al}}_{70}$${\mathrm{Pd}}_{20}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{1…
We have fabricated thin films of La1−xCaxMnOδ with tetragonal symmetry. For low temperatures and magnetic fields the measured magnetoresistance is anisotropic: initially positive for applied magnetic field perpendicular to the film plane and negative for field applied parallel to the film plane. At high temperatures t…
Zero-field muon spin relaxation and resistivity experiments on ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.33}$Mn${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ powder show that the sublattice magnetization ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}(T)$ is well described for $T\ensuremath{\le}{T}_{c}$ by ${(1\ensuremath{-}\frac{T}{{T}_{c}})}^{\ensuremath…
Performance degradation in liquid crystal cells was studied by analyzing the time evolution of optical and integrated current vs voltage hysteresis curves as test cells were subjected to a dc bias. We find evidence for permanent increases in liquid crystal mobile ion populations, the primary cause of device performanc…