Materials Literature
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A Raman study of La-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramics with La/Zr/Ti ratios of 9/65/35 and 12/40/60 has been undertaken in order to compare the onset of ferroelectric order in these two compositions. Some features, such as a splitting of a threefold degenerate T1u mode of the cubic structure into at least two line…
This redetermination of the structure of l-cysteine, C3H7NO2S, forms part IV in the series of crystal structures of hydrophobic amino acids. The thiol groups of the two molecules in the asymmetric unit are involved in S-H⋯O and S-H⋯S interactions. The associated C-S bond lengths are significantly different. The absolu…
The energetical advantage of diamond in comparison with graphite caused by small particle sizes is established by modeling and computation of free energy. The results, obtained for low external pressure, P\ensuremath{\simeq}0, and for temperatures up to 1100 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, indicate that diamond…
Highly random copolymers of ϵ-caprolactone (CL) and D,L-lactide (LA) were synthesized by a new catalyst system, rare earth chloride–propylene oxide (PO) system. In the presence of propylene oxide, all rare earth chlorides tested are highly effective for the copolymerization. The influences of reaction conditions on th…
Monte Carlo computer simulations were carried out on filled networks of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), which were modeled as composites of crosslinked chains and randomly arranged spherical filler particles. The primary concern of the investigation was the effect of the excluded volume of these particles on the elasto…
A systematic study of the dependence of photoluminescence from porous silicon (PS) on oxidation extent and measurement temperature is given. Oxidation of PS samples at room temperature up to 200 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C results in photoluminescence spectra with maxima centered around 1.7 eV. The photolumin…
The relative stability and charge-transfer behavior of ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}$B ordered phases were investigated using the ab initio pseudopotential method. The total energies as well as the cohesive energies of four possible ordered structures of the ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}$B were calculated at 0 K by relaxing both the unit-cel…
The fine structure of the lowest (1${\mathit{S}}_{3/2}$, 1${\mathit{s}}_{\mathrm{e}}$) electron-hole pair state has been studied for CdSe quantum dots embedded in glass and with sizes R${\mathit{a}}_{\mathit{B}}$. Besides the very narrow peaks from the exchange-split lowest pair states (full width at half maximum of 2…
Equilibrium and dynamic sorption isotherm measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, and, mainly, dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) measurements by means of the thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) method were used to investigate the hydration properties of linear segment…
Interfacial agents used in the compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends often consist of block copolymers containing at least one segment compatible with each of the two phases of the blend. This work examines the influence of the molecular weight, architecture, and chemical composition of the interfacial agent…
A method using a hydrogen arc for synthesizing large quantities of carbon nanotubes filled with pure copper is reported. The interaction of small copper clusters with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is shown to form carbon nanotubes and encapsulated copper nanowires. The effectiveness of this model is demonstr…
Chalcogenide Glasses - A Peculiar Class of Vitreous Substances Methods for Synthesis of Chalcogenide Glasses Laboratory Method for the Synthesis of Optical Chalcogenide Glasses Safety Measures for Manufacturing and Treatment of Chalcogenide Glasses Evaluation of the Quality of Chalcogenide Glasses X-Ray Phase Analysis…
Magnetic-field-induced structural phase transitions between the orthorhombic and rhombohedral structures have been investigated for single crystals of perovskite-type manganese oxides, ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$, with finely controlled carrier d…
Adsorption and desorption of water on well-ordered and sputter-damaged single crystal MgO(100) surfaces were studied by a combination of molecular beam reflection and temperature programmed desorption techniques. Adsorption exhibits precursor-mediated kinetics and desorption exhibits a strong dependence on substrate t…
The electronic structure of the layered compound 1T-${\mathrm{TiTe}}_{2}$ has been studied in detail by high-resolution angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) and density-functional band calculations. The results confirm the semimetallic nature of this material as due to an overlap of Te 5p- and Ti 3d-like…
Ab initio calculations of cohesive properties, elastic constants, and phonon dispersions for ${\mathrm{CoSi}}_{2}$ were performed by means of the Vienna ab initio molecular-dynamics package (VAMP), which makes use of ultrasoft pseudopotentials. In addition, the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wa…
We report on the existence of MoS2 hollowed microtubes, several mm in lengths and less than 0.1 μm wall thickness, grown from the vapor phase. Scanning electron microscopy studies reveal that instability of thin weakly bonded sheets against folding causes the tube growth directly or indirectly beyond the formation of…
Zinc oxide (ZnO) films with c-axis orientation have been prepared on glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition with an ArF excimer laser. The fluctuations of c-axis orientation of the ZnO films are evaluated by full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the rocking curve of the x-ray diffraction. The ZnO films with a FWHM…
Cellulose esters with linear aliphatic acyl substituents ranging in size from C12 (lauric acid) to C20 (eicosanoic acid) were prepared in homogeneous solution (DMAc/LiCl) using a novel synthetic method based on the use of a mixed p-toluenesulfonic/carboxylic acid anhydride. The resulting waxy cellulose esters had a hi…
The electronic structures for cubic ${\mathrm{WO}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{LiWO}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{NaWO}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{HWO}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$${\mathrm{WO}}_{3}$, and hexagonal ${\mathrm{WO}}_{3}$ have been calculated. The calculations rely on the local approximation to density functional theory and use a full-potent…