Materials Literature
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Abstract The oxidative degradation of silicone rubber surfaces in air plasmas obtained by RF or corona discharges and the subsequent recovery process were studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA). Using relatively short treatment times (5 min), the surface oxygen content was found to increase and that…
Inelastic neutron scattering has been employed to study the crystalline-electric-field interaction of the distorted perovskite PrGaO 3 . The observed energy spectra show several well defined inelastic peaks of magnetic origin in an energy transfer range up to 86 meV which are attributed to crystalline-electric-field t…
A novel technique to produce uniform alignment of nematic liquid crystals is presented. The technique is based on producing an anisotropic polymer network in the bulk nematic liquid crystal by polymerizing a photoresist material. Both uniform planar alignment and homeotropic alignment can be obtained depending on the…
Dielectric and ferroelectric properties were measured for both highly a-axis textured and randomly oriented BaTiO3 thin films deposited on Pt coated MgO substrates via metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. Dielectric constants on the order of ε∼10 and an absence of ferroelectric hysteresis were generally observed f…
The results of X-ray diffraction measurements of a lead magnoniobate single crystal-PbMg 1 3/Nb 2 3/O 3 , performed on a four-circle diffractometer with Mo K alpha radiation, are described. It is confirmed that even at relatively high temperatures lead ions are shifted from the high-symmetry position. It is shown that…
RuO2 thin films have been prepared onto sapphire by reactive sputtering with Ar+O2 plasma and their application as the bottom electrode in the high dielectric constant (Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 (BST) thin film capacitor has been studied. RuO2 films with rutile structure are obtained with O2 content greater than 0.7. The dielec…
The synthesis and electron microscopic studies of TaC single crystals encapsulated in carbon nanotubes are reported. The crystal structure is the NaCl type with the lattice parameter a0=4.455±0.003 Å. The typical crystalline size is ∼7 nm. The epitaxial growth of carbon nanotube on the {100} plane of the TaC single cr…
The thermal conductivity of nominally pure KTaO 3 exhibits an unexpected strong phonon scattering around 8 K. The question arises whether this scattering is related to the distorted microregions observed by other experiments. We have investigated a set of undoped single crystals grown by different methods. By comparis…
We have developed a facile means for the refolding of milligram quantities of purified proteins that employs gel filtration chromatography. We demonstrate by electrophoretic mobility shift and NMR spectroscopy that human ETS-1 protein, bovine ribonuclease A and E. coli integration host factor can be refolded into the…
We present glancing angle x-ray scattering experiments at [00.1], [10.0], and [11.0] surfaces of ice ${\mathrm{I}}_{\mathit{h}}$ single crystals. The temperature dependence of the evanescent Bragg scattering upon heating reveals a quasiliquid surface layer well below the melting point of each investigated ice surface.…
Colossal magnetoresistance with more than a thousandfold change in resistivity (ΔR/RH=127 000% at 77 K, H=6 T) has been obtained in epitaxially grown La-Ca-Mn-O thin films. This magnetoresistance value is about three orders of magnitude higher than is typically seen in the giant-magnetoresistance-type metallic, superl…
We perform a first-principles investigation of the role of Coulomb interactions in eight AB${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ cubic perovskite compounds. The predicted spontaneous polarization and the LO and TO phonon frequencies are found to be in good agreement with experiment. Anomalously large dynamical effective charges give ris…
Halogenation of an iron porphyrin causes severe saddling of the macrocyclic structure and a large positive shift in the iron(III)/(II) redox couple. Although pre-halogenated iron(II) porphyrins such as Fe(TFPPBr8) [H2TFPPBr8, beta-octabromo-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin] are relatively resistant to autoxidatio…
Magnetohydrodynamic flows in a U-bend and in a right-angle bend are considered with reference to the toroidal concepts of self-cooled liquid-metal blankets. The ducts composing the bends have rectangular cross-sections. The applied magnetic field is aligned with the toroidal duct and perpendicular to ducts supplying l…
Two different approaches for modeling reflectance spectra of intimate mixtures, Hapke's model and the isograin model, are used to estimate grain sizes and mixing ratios of powder mixtures of three geologic minerals: olivine, orthopyroxene, and plagioclase. In Hapke's model, scattering and extinction efficiencies are m…
The thermoelectric power of bulk semiconductors and quantum well structures is investigated for the first time using the balance equation transport theory extended to weakly non-uniform systems. In the linear transport limit the thermopower expressions obtained are independent of scattering and equivalent to the resul…
Abstract Different modes of activation are described for a postgrafting reaction of acrylic acid on poly( p ‐phenylene terephthalamid) (PPTA)mitrogen plasma or electron‐beam irradiation. Both lead to surface radical formation, and these species are able to initiate grafting. The Functionalization through amino group a…
In the X-ray-induced luminescence band peaking at 560 nm we have detected the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum using optical detection (ODEPR) Of V K centres, which have their molecular axes perpendicular to the magnetic field, an EPR was only detected as a microwave-induced change in the magnetic circul…
Effects of confinement of the 4.0 nm pores of Vycor glass on the alpha relaxation associated with the glass transition were investigated for three glass-forming liquids, glycerol, propylene glycol and propylene carbonate, by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The relaxation shifts to lower temperatures in the isochro…
We investigate pattern formation in the immiscible displacement of foam from a confining geometry. The dominant length scales with the driving pressure gradient as for a Newtonian fluid, but depends surprisingly on the ratio of plate separation to bubble diameter. The pattern morphology exhibits a transition from a ja…