Materials Literature
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We investigate atomic mechanisms of grain boundary (GB) diffusion by combining molecular dynamics (MD), molecular statics, the harmonic approximation to atomic vibrations, and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations. The most important aspects of this approach are the basin-constrained implementation of MD and an automa…
Avian integument is thin, elastic, and loosely attached to the body, giving birds the freedom of movement needed for flight. Its epidermis is both keratinized and lipogenic, and the skin as a whole acts as a sebaceous secretory organ. The skin is covered by feathers over most of the body, but many birds show colored b…
Dense β‐Si 3 N 4 with various Y 2 O 3 /SiO 2 additive ratios were fabricated by hot pressing and subsequent annealing. The thermal conductivity of the sintered bodies increased as the Y 2 O 3 /SiO 2 ratio increased. The oxygen contents in the β‐Si 3 N 4 crystal lattice of these samples were determined using hot‐gas ex…
Ultrasound irradiation is proving to be an excellent method for the synthesis of mesoporous oxides. Here is reported the preparation of titania containing a framework of wormholes—a structural motif of importance for catalysis. Using ultrasonication with a long-chain organic amine as a structure-directing agent, the s…
Two series of well-defined poly(urethane urea) multiblock copolymers were synthesized to investigate the phase-separated morphology of this family of materials. Series I copolymers were synthesized from 2000 g/mol poly(tetramethylene oxide) [PTMO], 4,4‘-methylene di( p -phenyl isocyanate) [MDI], and ethylenediamine (E…
Abstract The bubble behavior and hence the pressure generated at the collapse of the cavity for hydrodynamic cavitation depends on the operating conditions and geometry of the mechanical constriction generating cavitation. The effect of operating parameters such as inlet pressure through the system's orifice, initial…
This program allows S(Q) and the pair-distribution function to be determined from a variety of time-of-flight neutron powder diffractometers. Features are a graphical user interface and permanent storage of processing parameters.
In recent years, lack of donor organs has caused many to consider tissue engineering methods as means to replace diseased or damaged organs. This newly-emerging field uses tissue-specific cells in a three-dimensional organization, provided by a scaffolding material, to return functionality of the organ. For these appl…
ABSTRACT The diffusion of acetic or propionic acids from thin (44 to 54 μm) chitosan‐based antimicrobial packaging films in which they were incorporated was measured after immersion of the films in water, and the effects of pH (5.7, 6.4, or 7.0) and temperature (4 °C, 10 °C, or 24 °C) on diffusion were investigated. T…
We have employed the semidiscrete variational generalized Peierls-Nabarro model to study the dislocation properties of aluminum. The generalized-stacking-fault (GSF) energy surface entering the model is calculated by using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) and the embedded-atom method (EAM). Various cor…
The proposed paper will review and evaluate the necessity of magnesium alloys development for expanding the current magnesium applications in Automotive. Aerospace and Electron industries. The paper will also address to the correlation between the alloy development and the production technologies of the actual compone…
▪ Abstract The transition to copper-based interconnects for sub-quarter-micron device technologies has generated significant challenges in the identification and development of the robust material and process technologies required to form reliable multilevel metallization interconnects. In particular, a critical need…
▪ Abstract As integrated circuit (IC) dimensions continue to decrease, RC delay, crosstalk noise, and power dissipation of the interconnect structure become limiting factors for ultra-large-scale integration of integrated circuits. Materials with low dielectric constant are being developed to replace silicon dioxide a…
▪ Abstract The increasingly rapid transition of the electronics industry to high-density, high-performance multifunctional microprocessor Si technology has precipitated migration to new materials alternatives that can satisfy stringent requirements. One of the recent innovations has been the substitution of copper for…
Quaternary ammonium functionalized poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers were synthesized and their antibacterial properties were evaluated using a bioluminescence method. These quaternary ammonium dendrimers are very potent biocides. The antibacterial properties depend on the size of the dendrimer, the length of hydrophobi…
Arrays of oriented silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires are synthesized by reacting stable carbon nanotubes—which act as both template and reagent—with SiO. Field emission measurements on the nanowires indicate that the arrays are excellent field emitters, technologically useful field emission current densities being produ…
We report here a theoretical model for the transport properties of cylindrical Bi nanowires. Based on the band structure of Bi nanowires and the semiclassical transport model, the thermoelectric figure of merit ${Z}_{1\mathrm{D}}T$ is calculated for Bi nanowires with various wire diameters and wire orientations. The r…
▪ Abstract This paper reviews the literature on size effects in ferroelectric materials, with an emphasis on thin film perovskite ferroelectrics. The roles of boundary conditions, defect chemistry, electrode interfaces, surface layers, and microstructure in controlling the measured properties of ferroelectric films, a…
▪ Abstract The formation of switchable holographic gratings from polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLCs) allows for the development of switchable transmissive and reflective diffractive optics. These structures are created by the coherent interference of laser radiation within a syrup containing photoreactive mono…
Ultrafine fibers of polyaniline doped with camphorsulfonic acid (PAn.HCSA) blended with polyethylene oxide (PEO) were prepared by a non-mechanical, electrostatic spinning (“electrospinning”) technique. The morphology and fiber diameter of electrospun polyaniline blend fibers revealed that both the PEO and the PAn.HCSA…