Materials Literature
按标题、摘要、年份、主题和来源检索公开元数据。结果保留作者、摘要、分类与原始来源链接。
Damascene Cu electroplating for on-chip metallization, which we conceived and developed in the early 1990s, has been central to IBM's Cu chip interconnection technology. We review here the challenges of filling trenches and vias with Cu without creating a void or seam, and the discovery that electrodeposition can be e…
What properties determine an effective nonlinear optical (NLO) material? These are reviewed and summarized for recently described borate compounds—materials that have proven to be superior to other commonly used NLO materials for UV applications. The Figure shows the arrangement of [B2O5] and [NbO6] groups within the…
Ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric thin films and ceramics are reviewed with the aim of providing an insight into different processes which may affect the behaviour of ferroelectric devices, such as ferroelectric memories and micro-electro-mechanical systems. Taking into considerat…
Electrical conductivity of some alkaline earth vanadate glasses has been reported in the temperature range 80-500 K. It has been observed that the conductivity and the activation energy for different glass compositions did not differ markedly. The general behaviour of the temperature dependence of the conductivity is…
In this paper we establish the high-order perturbation formulas of zero-field splittings D and E and g factors and for ions in rhombic symmetry by using a two-spin-orbit (SO) coupling parameter model, in which not only the contribution due to the SO coupling of the central ion but also that of the ligands are included…
The effect of Cl ions on the structural relaxation in silica glass was investigated by observing the fictive temperature, which was determined from the position of infrared absorption peak around 2260 cm−1 related to the average Si–O–Si bond angle. It has been found that Cl ions reduce the relaxation time of the long-…
We report on Raman spectra of BaFe12O19 thin films. These thin films have been deposited by injection chemical vapor deposition on three different substrates: Al2O3 (001), Gd3Ga5O12 (111), and Si (100). The observed Raman-active vibrations of the films are compared with recently published Raman spectra from bulk compo…
Elastic neutron scattering experiments, performed in semiconducting ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ single crystals $(x\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.05,0.08)$, reveal new features in the problem of electronic phase separation and metal insulator transition.…
Single-bubble sonoluminescence has been experimentally produced through a novel approach of optimized sound excitation. A driving consisting of a first and second harmonic with selected amplitudes and relative phase results in an increase of light emission compared to sinusoidal driving. We achieved a raise of the max…
Silicon nitride films of different stoichiometric composition were studied using Raman spectroscopy. A Raman signal due to Si–Si, Si–N bond vibrations in silicon nanoclusters was detected in as-deposited films. The appearance of Raman peaks in the range 493–514 cm−1 after thermal and pulse laser treatments was interpr…
The intershell spacing of multi-walled carbon nanotubes was determined by analyzing the high resolution transmission electron microscopy images of these nanotubes. For the nanotubes that were studied, the intershell spacing ${\stackrel{^}{d}}_{002}$ is found to range from 0.34 to 0.39 nm, increasing with decreasing tu…
The surface-boundary magnetization $({M}_{\mathrm{SB}})$ for a manganese perovskite ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ has been investigated using spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, which has an $\ensuremath{\sim}5\AA{}$ probing depth. ${M}_{\mathrm{SB}}$ shows the full moment at very lo…
We report a method to fabricate polymer-based composites with aligned carbon nanotubes, and a procedure to determine the nanotube orientation and the degree of alignment. The composites were fabricated by casting a suspension of carbon nanotubes in a solution of a thermoplastic polymer and chloroform. They were uniaxi…
This paper is concerned with the industrial frying process and in particular the role of the frying oil and the influence this has on the food. Attention is drawn to various factors that can adversely affect the quality of the frying oil. In this paper the term «frying oil» is used. Other publications may refere to fr…
The alternating copolymer of ethylene and carbon monoxide (POK) has properties that suggest possible utility for fibers. However, in order to be melt spinnable, the copolymer should be stable somewhat above its melt temperature for some minutes. Research to improve the stability of POK was carried out by (1) preparati…
There have been many investigations on the effect of solvents on the dynamic moduli of concentrated polymer solutions. However, most of the polymers investigated were nonpolar, such as polystyrenes and polybutadienes. Moreover, the samples were usually model polymers of very narrow molecular weight distribution and we…
The preparation of solid solutions of the sulfides of zinc, cadmium, and lead has been attempted by low-temperature pyrolysis (150−400 °C) of metal bis(benzylthiolate) precursors. The (Zn,Cd)S shows solid solution behavior at 200−400 °C and crystallite sizes of ∼5 nm. The CdS−PbS system was also prepared by the precur…
The relative merits of the moving packed bed, fluidized bed, and stirred bed reactors for solid-state polycondensation are discussed along with methods for improving these designs. A general model to describe continuous solid-state polymerization reactors is then developed and illustrated by a case study of a moving p…
Weblike aggregates of Si nanocrystals and tungsten oxide nanoparticles are produced by a laser vaporization controlled condensation technique. XRD, FTIR, and Raman results confirm that the Si nanoparticles have a diamond-like crystalline structure and WO 3 nanoparticles exhibit a monoclinic crystalline structure. Due…
Single crystals of the trivalent Al 3+ ion conductor Al 2 (WO 4 ) 3 were grown by the Czochralski (CZ) method. The ionic conductivity in the a -, b -, and c -axis directions was determined and Al 3+ ion conduction in the direction of the b -axis was concluded to be the most suitable pathway for ion migration in the tu…