Materials Literature
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Lanthanoid (M 3+ =La 3+ , Pr 3+ , Nd 3+ and Sm 3+ )-substituted and lanthanoid/vanadium (V 5+ )-cosubstituted bismuth titanate thin films were fabricated on (111)Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /(100)Si substrates by a chemical solution deposition (CSD) technique. All the films consisted of a polycrystalline structure with random crystal…
Titanium-containing alkoxide (Ti[i-OCH(CH 3 ) 2 ] 4 ) dissolved in 2-methoxyethanol was directly deposited onto silicon by the metalorganic decomposition (MOD) technique. Titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) thin films are formed uniformly on Si after high-temperature annealing. Raman and X-ray diffraction measurements indicate th…
Temperature dependent polarized transmission intensity studies in strongly converging and parallel light beams had been accomplished for off-zone-center incommensurate semiconductors-ferroelectrics TlInS 2 , TlGaSe 2 and TlGaS 2 having a layered structure and reportedly a C 2 h 6 space group of symmetry at room temper…
A single crystal about 15 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length of the lead indium niobate-lead titanate, (1- x )Pb(In 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 – x PbTiO 3 [PIN–PT(1- x / x )] solid solution system near a morphotropic phase boundary was obtained by the solution Bridgman method using PbO–B 2 O 3 flux. X-ray diffraction study revea…
Sol-gel derived Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 0.7 Ti 0.3 O 3 (PMNT) thin films were prepared by sping coating using a PbO cover coat technique, and investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), auger electron spectroscopy (AES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The phase development of t…
The tetragonal tungsten bronze type of Sr x Ba 1- x Nb 2 O 6 (SBN, 0.3≤ x ≤0.7) ceramics was synthesized using the solid state reaction method and the dielectric properties of SBN ceramics as a function of the Sr/Ba ratio were examined. With an increasing Sr/Ba ratio in SBN ceramics, the Curie temperature decreases wh…
Dense lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films in the thickness range of 2–100 µm were fabricated by the aerosol deposition method (ADM) to study the thickness dependence of the ferroelectric characteristics. The recovery of ferroelectricity by annealing is uniform inside a thick PZT film. Breakdown electrical field increa…
Ceramics were prepared from hydrothermally-synthesized BaTiO 3 (100 mol%), BaSiO 3 (1.5 mol%), MnO (0.1 mol%) with Ho 2 O 3 (0.5 mol%) and MgO (0.25–1 mol%). The compositions with Ho/Mg molar ratios of 4:4, 4:2, 4:1 were selected for examination. The ceramic samples were sintered at 1340°C ( P O2 <10 -9 Pa) and, then,…
Ceramics of the series (1- x )Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 - x (Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 (BTO-NBT) were made using a conventional mixed oxide and carbonate process. The structural properties revealed that the system passes through the formation of Aurivillius compounds with increasing number of perovskite blocks for an increasing amoun…
Domain-wall structures in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in (1- x )Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 – x PbTiO 3 (PZN– x PT) mixed crystals ( x =5% and 8%) were investigated by means of a polarizing microscope. It was found that the apparent jump of the indicatrix rotation as a function of temperature appea…
High quality (K 0.5 Bi 0.5 )TiO 3 (KBT) powder has been successfully prepared by a polymerized complex method. The polymerized complex method is a simple process used to produce KBT powder with good compositional homogeneity and sinterability. KBT ceramics with a relative density of more than 90% can be successfully f…
The effect of Mn addition on the microstructure and electrical properties, especially on the dc-electrical degradation, of the X7R-type multilayer ceramic capacitor with Ni internal electrode (Ni-MLCC) with thin active layers was investigated. As the amount of Mn increased, grain growth was suppressed, and the tempera…
The dielectric properties under a high electric field ( ac -field) of BaTiO 3 -based ceramics with core grains, shell grains and core-shell grains were compared with those of multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) with these three kinds of grains. The MLCCs with the X7R specification had a core-shell structure, and the…
Potassium niobate (KNbO 3 ) ceramics are usually porous due to their poor sinterabilty under ordinary firing in air, although the single crystal exhibits a large amount of piezoelectricity. We found a marked improvement in the sinterability of KNbO 3 ceramics on substituting a small amount of Pb for K. However, the am…
Defect engineering to design for remanent polarization ( P r ) and coercive field ( E c ) in SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 (SBT) is proposed. Cation vacancies coupled with substituents or oxide vacancies are shown to play an essential role in determining the polarization properties. High-resolution neutron powder diffraction studie…
To reveal the influence of lattice defects on electrical conduction of bismuth titanate (Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 : BIT), one of the bismuth layer structured ferroelectrics, changes in lattice parameters and weight by high-temperature annealing and the dependence of conductivity on oxygen partial pressure ( P o 2 ) were examine…
In the search for high-performance piezoelectrics, (1- y )(Na 0.5 K 0.5 )NbO 3 – y PbTiO 3 ( y ≤0.50) solid solution has been prepared using the spark-plasma-sintering method. Dielectric investigation reveals that both the ferroelectric phase transition temperatures and the peak value of the dielectric constant are st…
The review surveys synthetic approaches to spiro[1,4]oxazines belonging to one of the most promising classes of organic photochromes. The relationships between the structures of spirooxazines and their spectral properties as well as characteristics of thermal and photoinduced processes are considered. The bibliography…
Fine-grained dielectric ceramics, i.e., of 0.2 µm grain diameter, were obtained using Ca-doped BaTiO 3 powders consisting of particles 0.2 µm in diameter. The (Ba 1- x Ca x ) m TiO 3 ceramics ( x : 0–0.10, m : 1.003–1.009) showed a high dielectric constant and stable temperature dependence, which were provided by inte…
High-speed observations clearly show that though a collapsing cavitation bubble approaches its minimum size as a coherent single volume, it usually reappears in the first rebounding frame as a cloud of much smaller bubbles or as a highly distorted single volume. This paper explores two mechanisms that may be responsib…