Materials Literature
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Abstract A new nonlinear optical (NLO) borate crystal Na3La2(BO3)3 (sodium lanthanum borate, NLBO) has been discovered. The bar-shaped crystal with sizes up to 8 × 3 × 2 mm3 was grown by the Top-Seeded Solution Growth (TSSG) method using Na2CO3–H3BO3–NaF as fluxes. The measurement of the infrared spectrum indicated th…
La 0.5 Sr 0.5 MnO 3 thin films were deposited onto sapphire substrates by means of the pulsed-laser deposition technique. These films were characterized by several techniques including x-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, energy-dispersive x-ray, atomic-force microscopy, scanning electron microsc…
Abstract 4-Dialkylamino-2-hydroxychalcones [3-(4-dialkylamino-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(substituted phenyl)-2-propen-1-ones] undergo reversible E/Z-photoisomerization in good quantum yields (0.2–0.4) in neutral aprotic solvents. The absorption bands of the photo-Z-isomers are significantly red-shifted from the E-isomers. By…
The optimum technique of finishing silk fabric with EPSIA (a silicone‐containing epoxy crosslinking agent) has been investigated through single factor experiments and orthogonal design. Treatment parameters such as finishing agent concentration, catalyst concentration, steaming temperature and time have been investiga…
Beryllium and its compounds are extremely toxic, but the biological mechanism of their toxicity is largely speculative. Beryllium is the second lightest metal after lithium and it is a component of materials indispensable in today's nuclear, aerospace and electronic industries. Concern about possible pollution by bery…
Ammonium fixation by soil clays may influence N availability to plants; however, the nature of the clay minerals responsible for NH4-fixation is unclear. The first objective of this study was to investigate how ammonium concentration and temperature affect ammonium fixation. The second objective was to determine wheth…
Abstract We have fabricated a textured monocrystalline Si solar cell with a thickness of 15·5 μm and a confirmed efficiency of 12·2% using porous silicon (PSI) for layer transfer. The PSI process avoids photolithography and high‐temperature oxidation. The cell has a surface that is textured with randomly positioned in…
The novel cycloaliphatic epoxide 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-2′,3′-epoxycyclohexyl ether (II) containing an unsymmetrical epoxycyclohexyl moiety linked via an ether bond, and its precursor 3-cyclohexene-1-methyl-2′-cyclohexene ether (I) were synthesized. Their structure was confirmed by means of elemental analysis, FT-I…
A novel transparent conducting bixbyite solid solution In 2−2 x (Cd,Sn) 2 x O 3 (0 < x < 0.34 at 1175°C) has been discovered. Four‐point dc‐conductivity varies widely with x and the [Sn]/[Cd] ratio with a maximum in excess of 1800 S/cm ( x = 0.05, [Sn]/[Cd] = 9) and a minimum too low to be measured ( x = 0.05, […
The author reviews the interaction of micro bubbles with ultrasound. First, the action of acoustic radiation pressure on bubbles is discussed in contrast with that on small particles noting the concept of Bjerknes force, resonant bubbles and nonlinear oscillation of bubbles. In the past decade, sonoluminescence, light…
CVD diamond is a remarkable material for the fabrication of particle and photon radiation detectors. The improvement of the electronic properties of the material has been under intensive investigations and led to the development of a few applications that are addressing specific industrial needs. In particular, we hav…
The spherulitic and lamellar morphologies of melt crystallized isotactic polypropylene (iPP) have been investigated according to various crystallization temperatures and times. In this study, an appropriate chemical etching condition for the observation of iPP morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is determ…
ABSTRACT Oil‐in‐water emulsions (20% n‐hexadecane, v/v) were stabilized by dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), Tween 20, or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Particle size distribution and creaming stability were measured before and after adding Escherichia coli cells to emulsions. Both E. coli strains promoted dropl…
Activated carbon can be used to decrease 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) toxicity and promote bioremediation of highly contaminated soil. Adding activated carbon at 0.25, 0.75, and 1.0% (w/w) to Sharpsburg soil contaminated with 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg TNT/kg decreased concentrations of TNT and its transformation product…
By the year 2010, HCFC 142b will be banned for use as a foaming agent for extruded polystyrene (PS) foam in North America. Many blends of foaming agents have been patented as replacements to expand PS. In this study the optimal concentration of a previously unexplored blend of CO2 and 2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is shown t…
The compositional fluctuation and correlation between the ordered domain and the polar cluster in lead magnesium niobate Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 have been studied by analytical electron microscopy and the image processing technique. It indicates that there is a strong compositional fluctuation of Mg/Nb ratio in both the orde…
Alkali aluminophosphate glasses, including those in the system x Al 2 O 3 ·(1− x )CsPO 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25), were examined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), infrared (IR), and 27 Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopies. Phosphate anions become progressively shorter with…
New metalloporphyrinoid complexes functionalized with two pyrrole groups and bearing two phosphonate residues have been synthesized starting from readily accessible deuterioporphyrin derivatives. The functional pyrrole groups allow the formation of metalloporphyrinoid films on electrodes by oxidative electropolymeriza…
Quantum yields and lifetimes of 2 F 5/2→2 F 7/2 fluorescence are measured for double and heteroligand complexes of ytterbium with dibenzoylmethane and thenoyltrifluoroacetone, as well as their analogs with a deuterated central C-H group dissolved in toluene and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d 0). Deuteration of…
Abstract This paper presents a quantitative description of the processes occurring at the sulfur crosslinks of vulcanized rubber during thermo-oxidative aging. To extract this information in a nondestructive way, sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra have been analyzed quantitatively. We f…