Materials Literature
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Assembly of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins between two opposing membranes is thought to be the key event that initiates membrane fusion. Many new SNARE proteins have recently been localized to distinct intracellular compartments, supporting the view that sets of…
Colloidal gel and glass transitions are investigated using the idealized mode coupling theory (MCT) for model systems characterized by short-range attractive interactions. Results are presented for adhesive hard sphere and hard core attractive Yukawa systems. According to MCT, the former system shows a critical glass…
The results of experimental investigations of induced photopleochroism of elementary (Si, Ge), binary (III-V, II-VI), and more complicated diamond-like semiconductors (III-V—III-V solid solutions, ternary compounds I-III-VI and II-IV-V compounds) and photosensitive structures based on them are discussed and generalize…
We have studied the dynamics of grain growth and the pinning effect of grain boundaries on magnetic domain walls in FeCo soft magnetic alloys. It has been found that grain growth takes place at temperatures above 600 °C. The activation energy for grain growth in a disordered state at 820 °C is about 57.4±0.5 kcal/mole…
peak intensities and peak positions. Their results indicated that as the coordination number of the Ti site increases from 4 to 6, the pre-edge intensity decreases and the energy of the peak increases by approximately 0.9 eV for each additional coordinating oxygen atom, starting from around 4969.6 eV for the tetrahedr…
Using a high-pressure (HP) technique, samples of γ-Al 2 O 3 were obtained by compaction at 4.5 GPa, in a toroidal-type apparatus, at room temperature (RT) and at higher temperatures. Compaction at RT produced crack-free, translucent, and dense samples. An improvement of these properties was observed for samples compac…
We have measured the thermoelectric power and conductivity as a function of temperature of a wide range of polypyrrole samples, including a film of soluble polypyrrole synthesized chemically, and wrinkled films synthesized using indium–tin oxide electrodes; other samples investigated include high-conductivity polypyrr…
The concept of functionally graded materials (FGMs), originally developed for the purpose of reducing thermal stress, has now greatly expanded and is being applied to the development of electrical, optical, magnetic, and biochemical materials. Here in Japan, several FGM research projects have been promoted with the su…
Analytic solutions to the mathematical model of an electrochemical capacitor (EC) are used to study cell performance under two types of operating conditions: ( i ) constant current and ( ii ) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The analytic solution under constant‐current operation is used to investigate the relat…
The heteropolyanions [Bi 2 W 22 O 74 (OH) 2 ] 12 - ( 1 ) and [X 2 W 20 M 2 O 70 (H 2 O) 6 ] (14 - 2 n ) - (X = Sb 3+, Bi 3+; M n + = Fe 3+, Co 2+, Zn 2+ ) ( 2 − 7 ) have been synthesized as alkali metal and ammonium salts, respectively, and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray crystall…
The kinetics of laser-stimulated luminescence (LSL) of yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia single crystals is investigated. Excitation of ZrO2⋅9.5%Y2O3(100) and (110) using ns pulses of 213 nm (5.82 eV), 266 nm (4.66 eV), and 355 nm (3.49 eV) photons produce LSL bands with Gaussian profiles and peak maxima at 460 nm (2.6…
When two binary solutions are separated by a permeable barrier, the individual species typically diffuse and mix, dissipating their chemical potential gradients. However, we use model lattice simulations to show that single-file molecular-sized channels (such biomembrane channels and zeolites) can exhibit diffusional…
RNiO 3 nickelates have been prepared under high oxygen pressure (R = Sm, Eu, Gd) or high hydrostatic pressure (R = Dy, Ho, Y) in the presence of KClO 4 . The samples have been investigated at room temperature (RT) by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction to follow the evolution of the crystal structures and microstruct…
Reaction of cis -[Fe III (cyclam)Cl 2 ]Cl in acidic H 2 O/CH 3 OH or CH 3 CN/H 2 O mixtures with NaN 3 at 50 °C produced upon addition of NaClO 4 or NaPF 6 the complex trans -[Fe III (cyclam)(N 3 ) 2 ]ClO 4 ( 1a ) or the hexafluorophosphate salt 1b, whereas at −18 °C the same reaction produced cis -[Fe III (cyclam)(N…
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was prepared in a completely heterogeneous procedure in an isopropanol/water slurry and the influence of the reaction conditions on the pattern of functionalization within the anhydroglucose repeating unit as well as due to the formation of the four main repeating units (i. e. unfunctional…
Large-size ceramic/metal bulk FGMs have been fabricated on a recently developed and world's largest Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) system. According to the development program for practical production processes and machines for FGMs by SPS, the processes, mechanical properties, dimensional size and shape effects, and pr…
Abstract Nanofibers of aromatic heterocyclic PBI (poly(2,2′(m‐phenylene)‐5,5′ bibenzimidazole)) polymer were made by an electrospinning process. The diameter of the fibers was around 300 nanometers. A liquid jet of a polymer solution, formed when electrical force overcame surface tension, stretched and dried as the so…
The production and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in axenic batch cultures of the benthic marine epipelic diatoms Navicula salinarum and Cylindrotheca closterium were investigated. EPS was secreted into the medium and the bulk was loosely associated with the cells. Neither N. salinarum nor C.…
Simulations that model the effects of conformational strain on the chemical reactivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes suggest a method for significantly enhancing their reactivity locally by controlled deformations. The chemisorption of hydrogen atoms is predicted to be enhanced by as much as 1.6 eV at regions of h…
The design and fabrication of a micropolarizer array for imaging polarimetry is described for the 3–5-µm-wavelength region. Each micropolarizer consists of a 475-nm-period Mo wire grid in a 16 µm×16 µm aperture. Interference lithography is used to generate the small grating features through an etch mask layer. Arrays…