Materials Literature
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Abstract The initiation and development of mesa corrosion attack during CO2 corrosion of carbon steel has been studied in flow loop experiments performed at 80 °C and pH 5.8. Video recordings of growing mesa attacks have been performed in a test section with a glass window in the corrosion loop. These observations hav…
Abstract Electrochemical noise techniques have been used to study corrosion related processes since the early 1980's. Preliminary studies of the electrochemical characteristics of localised corrosion phenomena, in particular pitting and cavitation attack, established the sensitivity of the technique for the detection…
The agglomeration of small silver clusters in noble gas matrices to form larger ones may be accompanied by the emission of light. Spectral analysis reveals that part of radiation intensity can be attributed to fluorescence from excited metal atoms, dimers and trimers the formation of which results from cluster/cluster…
Abstract This report will present a review of current research in the field of scale control. The report will give special emphasis to the areas of scale inhibition, scale squeeze treatments, predicting scale deposition and removing scale deposits. Recent developments that are of particular to the oil industry are dis…
Abstract Numerous breakthroughs in environmental protection and pollution prevention have been realized in recent years by both industry and academia through the application of green chemistry principles. Green chemistry, or pollution prevention at the molecular level, is chemistry designed to reduce or eliminate the…
The molecular dynamics of an oligomeric poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) melt confined to nanopores (pore dimensions 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 nm) is studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Because poly(propylene glycol) has an in chain dipole moment, the molecular motion of the whole chain (normal mode relaxation) can be m…
Abstract Four commercially available, water soluble corrosion inhibitors for CO2 corrosion have been tested in the laboratory on carbon steel specimens that were corroded for up to 18 days in the medium prior to inhibitor addition. The tests were performed at 20-50 °C, pH 5, 1 bar CO2, 1-3 w% NaCl in glass cells and a…
The free energies of two low pressure ice forms are calculated over a wide range of temperatures in order to explain relative stability and their negative thermal expansivities in the low temperature regime. One-hundred proton-disordered configurations for hexagonal and cubic ices are generated. The Helmholtz free ene…
Abstract A comprehensive computational procedure and a computer program for predicting corrosion rates of carbon steel pipes by CO2 containing flowing fluids in oil and gas field conditions has been developed. The computational procedure is based on a mechanistic model for CO2 corrosion and is developed starting from…
Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has long been associated with the cause of corrosion damage and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) in high strength steels and high hardness weldments used in oil and gas production, petroleum refining, and petrochemical/chemical processing. Other applications where sulfide species have prod…
Abstract The corrosion rate of carbon steel in CO2 containing environments depends very much on the formation of protective corrosion product films. The parameters affecting film formation have been studied in a large number of flow loop experiments performed in the temperature range 20-120 °C. Film formation is a com…
We have investigated the chemical mechanism of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on an atomically smooth metal surface using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and molecular spectroscopy simulations. The EEL spectra of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) adsorbed on Cu(100) and Cu(111) are reported. Simulatio…
The absorption and subsequent desorption behaviors of amorphous polymer films of PEEK poly(ether ether ketone), PEEKK poly(ether ether ketone ketone), and PEKK poly(ether ketone ketone) in solvent of 1,2-dichloroethane (C2H4Cl2) are investigated and compared. The equilibrium absorption weight (M∞) of these polymers is…
A huge (colossal) magnetoresistance (CMR) recently observed in perovskite Mn oxides has attracted much interest in both basic science research and technological applications. Many studies have been undertaken from the standpoints of clarifying the origin of the CMR, the search for new phenomena, materials design of th…
To prepare high-modulus fibers, the vibrating hot-drawing and zone-annealing methods have been applied to nylon 6. The vibrating hot drawing was repeated two times, increasing the applied tension; further, the zone annealing was superposed on the vibrating hot-drawn fibers. The superstructure and mechanical properties…
Our previous work confirmed the excellent activity of CuO−MoO 3 /Al 2 O 3 for the destructive oxidation of (CH 3 ) 2 S 2 . This study further investigates the effect of acid treatment on the performance of this catalyst. Four different kinds of inorganic acids (HCl, H 2 SO 4, HNO 3, H 3 PO 4 ) are used to treat the γ-…
Self-reinforced polypropylene (PP) sheets have been prepared from melt flow-induced crystallization through a conical slit die fed by a conventional extruder. Their structure and properties, influenced by the die pressure ranging from 20 to 50 MPa and die outlet temperature, are studied by scanning electron microscopy…
The phase morphology and interfacial regions of cured and uncured polybutadiene/diallyl phthalate (PBD/DAP) blends that exhibit upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior have been characterized using an FT-IR microscopic imaging technique with focal-plane array detection. The observations of domain size and…
Method for introducing grafted chains consisting of two types of monomer components, acrylic acid (AA) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), into low-density polyethylene (PE) film (thickness = 25 μm) was investigated by two photografting technique using xanthone photoinitiator at 60°C. In the first method (one-step met…
Friction Force Microscopy studies on ion-exchanged mica surfaces at different humidity levels were performed. Ion exchange was achieved by treating the potassium mica (muscovite) in different solutions to replace K + surface ions by Ca 2+, Mg 2+, and H + . It is found that these different surface ions can significantl…