Frustration by design
By fabricating magnetic structures into nanoscale arrays, physicists can directly visualize how condensed-matter systems accommodate competing interactions among dipole moments and other degrees of freedom.
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Role of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction for magnetism in transition-metal chains at Pt step edges
We explore the emergence of chiral magnetism in one-dimensional monatomic Mn, Fe, and Co chains deposited at the Pt(664) step edge carrying out an ab initio study based on density functional theory (DFT). The results are analyzed employing several models: (i) a micromagnetic model, which takes into account the Dzyalos…
Enhanced Photocatalytic Oxidation of Isopropanol by HKUST-1@TiO2 Core–Shell Structure with Ultrathin Anatase Porous Shell: Toxic Intermediate Control
Poor adsorption of reactants and intermediates as well as low mineralization rate greatly restrict the application of common semiconductor photocatalyst TiO 2 for air purification. A plausible solution would be to integrate metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) materials with good gas adsorption property with traditional ph…
Time‐Course Changes in Speciation and Solubility of Cadmium in Reduced and Oxidized Paddy Soils
Core Ideas The formation and dissolution of CdS were investigated in low‐ and high‐S soils. CdS reached 90% in the high‐S soil but did not exceed 35% in the low‐S soil. Cd dissolved rapidly at soil Eh >435 mV (low‐S soil) and >529 mV (high‐S soil). A prolonged flooding during rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivation is rec…
Large discrete jumps observed in the transition between Chern states in a ferromagnetic topological insulator
A striking prediction in topological insulators is the appearance of the quantized Hall resistance when the surface states are magnetized. The surface Dirac states become gapped everywhere on the surface, but chiral edge states remain on the edges. In an applied current, the edge states produce a quantized Hall resist…
Effect of Different Surfactants on the Interfacial Behavior of the n-Hexane–Water System in the Presence of Silica Nanoparticles
This paper presents the effect of negatively charged silica nanoparticles (NPs) on the interfacial tension of the n-hexane-water system at variable concentrations of four different surfactants, viz., an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and…
Titania Nanotubes for Orchestrating Osteogenesis at the bone–implant Interface
Titanium implants can fail due to inappropriate biomechanics at the bone-implant interface that leads to suboptimal osseointegration. Titania nanotubes (TNTs) fabricated on Ti implants by the electrochemical process have emerged as a promising modification strategy to facilitate osseointegration. TNTs enable augmentat…
Fluorocarbon based atomic layer etching of Si3N4 and etching selectivity of SiO2 over Si3N4
Angstrom-level plasma etching precision is required for semiconductor manufacturing of sub-10 nm critical dimension features. Atomic layer etching (ALE), achieved by a series of self-limited cycles, can precisely control etching depths by limiting the amount of chemical reactant available at the surface. Recently, SiO…
Lubricating the swordfish head
The swordfish is reputedly the fastest swimmer on Earth. The concave head and iconic sword are unique characteristics, but how they contribute to its speed is still unknown. Recent computed tomography scans revealed a poorly mineralised area near the base of the rostrum. Here we report, using magnetic resonance imagin…
A study of structure formation in a binder depending on the surface microrelief of carbon fiber
A correlation between the specific surface of carbon fibers and strength of the boundary layer in a binder has been established. The effect of fibers on the structure formation of a binder has been explained as being a result of the density of fiber reticulation. Its important influence on the rheological properties o…
Carbon Nanosheets: Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanosheets Templated from g‐C3N4 as Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction (Adv. Mater. 25/2016)
T. Zhang and co-workers report the synthesis of nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanosheets with extremely high nitrogen content and high surface areas using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) as template, nitrogen source, and porogen. As described on page 5080, the nanosheets exhibit outstanding oxygen reduction catalyt…
Quantifying Graphitic Edge Exposure in Graphene-Based Materials and Its Role in Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Oxygen electrochemistry is at the core of several emerging energy conversion technologies. The role of carbon nanostructures in the electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction is not well understood. Herein we report an investigation of the role of graphitic edges in oxygen electrochemistry. A new synthetic meth…
A study on drying models and internal stresses of the rice kernel during infrared drying
Due to the limited penetration of infrared, it is very difficult to develop an infrared drying model of rice kernels. In this study, two kinds of simplified drying models, which assumed the penetration depth is infinity and zero, were developed to investigate the effects of penetration on drying characteristics of thi…
Ruthenium nanocrystal decorated vertical graphene nanosheets@Ni foam as highly efficient cathode catalysts for lithium-oxygen batteries
The electrochemical performance of lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries can be markedly improved through designing the architecture of cathode electrodes with sufficient spaces to facilitate the diffusion of oxygen and accommodate the discharge products, and optimizing the cathode catalyst to promote the oxygen reduction…
High-resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy as a probe of crystal-field and covalency effects in actinide compounds
Applying the high-energy resolution fluorescence-detection (HERFD) mode of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we were able to probe, for the first time to our knowledge, the crystalline electric field (CEF) splittings of the [Formula: see text] shell directly in the HERFD-XAS spectra of actinides. Using ThO2 as an e…
Which is better for optimizing the biosorption process of lead – central composite design or the Taguchi technique?
The aim of this study is to evaluate central composite design (CCD) and the Taguchi technique in the adsorption process. Contact time, initial concentration, and pH were selected as the variables, and the removal efficiency of Pb was chosen for the designated response. In addition, face-centered CCD and the L9 orthogo…
3D printing of weft knitted textile based structures by selective laser sintering of nylon powder
3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing whereby the building up of layers of material creates objects. The selective laser sintering process (SLS) uses a laser beam to sinter powdered material to create objects. This paper builds upon previous research into 3D printed textile based material exploring the use o…
A general comparison between tokamak and stellarator plasmas
This paper generally compares the essential features between tokamaks and stellarators, based on previous review work individually made by authors on several specific topics, such as theories, bulk plasma transport and edge divertor physics, along with some recent results. It aims at summarizing the main results and c…
A Novel Self‐assembled Nickel(II)‐Cerium(III) Heterotetranuclear Dimer Constructed from N2O2‐type Bisoxime and Terephthalic Acid: Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties
Abstract By self‐assembly of a Salamo‐type ligand H2L [H2L = 1,2‐bis(3‐methoxysalicylideneaminooxy)ethane] with Ni(OAc)2·4H2O, Ce(NO3)3·6H2O, and H2bdc (H2bdc = terephthalic acid), a novel NiII‐CeIII heterometallic complex, [{Ni(L)Ce(NO3)2(CH3OH)(DMF)}2(bdc)], was obtained. Two crystallographically equivalent [Ni(L)Ce…
Green synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity of hyaluronan/zinc oxide nanocomposites
The study describes an in situ green biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanocomposite using the seaweed Sargassum muticum water extract and hyaluronan biopolymer. The morphology and optical properties of the hyaluronan/zinc oxide (HA/ZnO) nanocomposite were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffract…