Materials Literature
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The correct model for the electromigration failure distribution is a key issue in reliability methodology. Usually, the failure times of a sample are fitted by a single log-normal distribution. However, in some cases relevant deviations can be found. In this paper two types of non-log-normal distributions observed on…
Three new µ3-oxo(trifluoroacetato) complexes [FeIII2MII(μ3-O)(CF3COO)6(H2O)3]·H2O [M = Mn (1), Co (2), Ni (3)] have been prepared. Compounds 1 and 2 crystallize in the monoclinic space groups C2/c [a = 22.002(5), b = 13.647(3), c = 24.767(4) Å, β = 98.23(3)°] and C2/m [a = 21.426(4), b = 15.100(2), c = 14.815(3) Å, β…
The development of surfactant-templated mesoporous films grown at the air/water interface was investigated using specular and off-specular X-ray reflectivity techniques. The samples were prepared in acidic conditions using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr, 0.075 M) and different concentrations (0.27−0.88 M) of te…
Sugar-containing copolymer networks of poly(methacrylic acid- co -methacryloxyethyl glucoside) were prepared by free-radical photopolymerization. Incorporation of the MAA in the polymer networks rendered the networks complex forming, in response to the environmental pH change. Using ATR−FTIR spectroscopy, the polymer…
Tetrahedral [Zn4O(OAc)6]-clusters grow in alcohol in the presence of ErIII and SiIV ions to self-similar tetrahedral ZnO nanocrystals (with sizes d=5–6 nm). The nanoparticulate ZnO films prepared from these colloids show green ErIII fluorescence. The Klafter–Blumen theory is used to fit the fluorescence decay data. Fr…
We investigate the effects of polyethylene cylinder domain orientation and thermal history on the micromechanical deformation and fracture properties of poly(cyclohexylethylene)−poly(ethylene)−poly(cyclohexylethylene) (CEC) triblock copolymer where the poly(cyclohexylethylene) (PCHE) blocks are unentangled. The proper…
Leakage and breakdown characteristics of low-k dielectrics are becoming increasingly important reliability issues for interconnects as they are scaled to 0.18 um and below. Several of the low-k dielectrics, integrated into a dual-damascene Cu process flow, are quite leaky and have difficulty in meeting a leakage spec…
To study the water tree suppression in polymeric insulating materials, experiments were conducted on LDPE and XLPE specimens applying voltage stress of 3kV/mm for up to 1000 hours in copper sulfate solution and sodium chloride solution. The results demonstrate that XLPE specimens containing lipophilic surfactants with…
A development study has been completed on autogenous electron beam and Nd-YAG laser welding of niobium-1% zirconium (Nb-1% Zr) and molybdenum-44.5% rhenium (Mo-44.5% Re) thin sheet material. Specimens 0.5 mm thick were welded using both processes in a butt joint configuration. Mechanical tests were performed on welded…
This paper presents results from a long-term study of two different room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber (SIR) coatings. The RTVs were applied to identical longrod porcelain insulators and energized under natural outdoor conditions for a period of about nine years. In addition to being energized with AC…
This paper describes a new technique for detecting faulty components such as cracked insulators and faulty surge arresters on power lines. The technique utilises radio frequency (RF) pulses emitted from the faulty components as the monitoring parameter. The high frequency radio pulses are captured using a biconical an…
Investigations of the dielectric properties of SF/sub 6/, N/sub 2/ and mixtures have been carried out using a full scale model of a gas-insulated busbar (GIB). The breakdown characteristics under clean conditions are similar to those in a uniform field gas gap. The breakdown voltage is the maximum in SF/sub 6/ and the…
Partial discharges (PD) in void and electrical treeing were measured by using a computer aided measurement system. The results showed that the magnitude and the occurrence of PDs in voids were different from that of treeing PDs. Pulse-sequence-analysis and the PD distribution revealed the role of the instantaneous and…
The 60 Hz insulation loss current measurements in high voltage cable insulation containing water trees are described. To isolate the small insulation loss current from the significantly larger, quadrature (capacitive) current, a current-comparator-based high voltage capacitance bridge was used. It is shown that water…
Pre-selection tests on enameled copper wires to be adopted for windings of inverter driven rotating machines are generally performed applying quasi-square wave voltages to suitable specimens. This work experimentally investigates the influence of the factor "dv/dt" (or of the rise-time) characteristic of such quasi-sq…
We investigate the aging by UV radiation of silicone rubber used for outdoor insulators. Results from the measurement of surface potential decay by corona charging and of contact angle show a change of surface electrostatic properties and a slow decrease of contact angle under UV irradiation. For changes in the micro-…
Nowadays the increase of polluting loads in electrical networks affects supply voltage sinusoidality more significantly than in the past. Voltage distortion can decrease reliability of electrical devices, that is, increase their failure rate. This paper deals with the effect on aging acceleration due to harmonics for…
Comets, asteroids and other small bodies found in the solar system do not possess enough gravity to ensure spacecraft contact forces sufficient to allow many types of in situ science, such as core or surface sampling. Some method of providing sufficient contact force must be used for successful in situ exploration. A…
Effect of degassing treatment on tree initiation voltage was investigated in XLPE specimen with semiconducting electrode at 50/spl deg/C and room temperature. 1. Degassing treatment drastically increases tree initiation voltage of XLPE at room temperature. The same result is obtained in LDPE. 2. However, degassing tre…
Corona-stabilization in SF/sub 6/-insulated systems is a known phenomenon, but up to now not fully understood. In case of slow-rising impulse voltage stress, a stabilization mechanism, mainly depending on the steepness of the applied test voltage, occurs. Essential for the phenomenon is a space-charge accumulation in…