Materials Literature
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Most of the large-scale integrated circuits (LSIs), indispensable at present day, are made from Si wafers grown by Czochralski (CZ) method. The size of LSIs continues to grow with the integration of more devices. The diameter of Si crystal has also been increasing to enable the production of large-size LSIs with pract…
Abstract Small ether polycarboxylate and acetal polycarboxylate builders are reviewed with respect to their synthesis, calcium and magnesium sequestration, and biodegradation.
This paper attempts to clarify the mechanism of pitting fatigue, one of the contact rolling fatigue failures at tooth faces in a gear. Carburized and carbonitrided JIS-SCr420 steels with as-heat treated surface were tested by geared roller tester with a contact stress of 3.68 GPa and a slip ratio of - 40%. At the surf…
ABSTRACT On 13 June 1996 a Midwest Oil Company's pipeline carrying crude oil ruptured, releasing an estimated 360 m3 (95 300 gal) into a farmer's field in central Indiana. The accident site was approximately 0.4 km (0.25 mile) south of a small rural community. Actions were taken to immediately contain and remove the o…
Reduction of losses of Mn-Zn ferrites is of great importance to develop power supplies reduced in size and weight.For this requirement many attempts to study loss characteristics have been carried out, however, all contributions of each loss factor have not been made clear yet. In this study the eddy current losses ar…
Powder XRD defined α-AlF3 has been investigated by XPS and XAES using the Au 4f7/2 orbital for static charge referencing. This feature originates from well-defined and chemically inert 20 nm gold particles deposited in a highly dispersed pattern on the sample surface. The particles, with a sharp particle size distribu…
We have studied the electron emission characteristics of Mo field emitter arrays (FEAs) using a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film deposited by a layer-by-layer technique using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The turn-on voltage was lowered from 55 to 30 V by a 20 nm thick hydrogen-free DLC coating and maximum…
We have followed the evolution of the superconductingTc on intercalation of Li in ZrSe2 by means of magnetization studies at very low temperatures. To interpret the electronic structure and instabilities, we present the results of extensive LMTO-ASA band structure calculations on ZrSe2 and the idealized compound LiZrS…
The formation of spontaneous gratings in thin waveguide AgClAg photosensitive films was studied under elliptically polarized laser radiation. New peculiarities of the gratings growth were found (i) a deviation in angular position of the wave vectors of the most probable microgratings from π / 2 about the major axis o…
Abstract A method for enhanced nucleation of diamond growth on non‐diamond substrates is introduced via the results obtained in a wide variety of applications. The exact details of the method are still proprietary, but the outcome, as demonstrated in this paper, is unique and promises to be of great practical use. The…
In late 1993, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. began operating a new steam-methane reformer at the Tosco Refining Co.'s Avon refinery in Martinez, CA, to provide hydrogen and steam to the refinery under a long-term supply agreement. The hydrogen plant--owned, operated, and maintained by Air Products--includes a select…
This paper discusses the electromagnetic field distribution in phase grating and the rate of diffraction for different diffraction orders by using a rigorous modal theory. Piece wise analytical function is used to express the eigen functions instead of the infinite series in other methods. Stable, fast and accurate re…
The oxidation of UO2 powder and ceramic has been studied in the (Li–Na–K)2CO3 eutectic melt containing added potassium chlorate between 723 and 873 K. Complete oxidation of the powder could be achieved at 723 K and with KClO3:UO2 mole ratios between 0.25 and 0.3. Potassium monouranate was formed in the reaction and no…
One of the shortcomings of ferritic stainless steels is their limited toughness. By modifying the steel chemistry to include vanadium, some improvement is obtained in this regard. In this work, the influence of different stabilizers and thermomechanical treatments on the toughness of an experimental 18Cr–4V alloy have…
Biosynthetic incorporation of isotopically labelled serines into pramanicin 1 in Stagonospora sp. ATCC 74235 shows that L-serine is incorporated as an intact entity with all four bonds to the α-carbon retained; thus 1 is assigned the 5S absolute configuration.
Abstract Surface tension is a parameter of decisive importance for characterizing painted and unpainted surfaces related to wetting and adhesion phenomena. This article presents measurements of the surface tension of solids by means of an automatic contact angle measurement device. The evaluation of the surface tensio…
The melting behavior of β-SiC with diamond structure was investigated under high pressures up to about 10 GPa using a flash-heating device. The peritectic temperature, at which the SiC decomposes into two phases of carbon saturated liquid Si and solid carbon (graphite) by a peritectic reaction, increases with pressure…
We have observed high-speed third-order nonlinear optical response using organic solutions of π-conjugated low-molecular-weight compounds. Optical Kerr shutter (OKS) measurement, third-harmonic generation (THG) measurement, and a degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) experiment were carried out to examine the high-speed…
A phosphor based on potassium aluminosilicophosphate glass activated with europium (III) and copper (II) has been synthesized. It has been shown that the europium luminescence is quenched by copper ions in the glass.
The application of variable-frequency drives (VFDs) in industrial and commercial facilities has seen a tremendous increase. However, when multiple VFDs are fed from one dedicated power transformer, care should be taken not to drive the transformer into saturation. At one industrial location, nine VFDs rated at 200 HP…